Barriers and Facilitators Associated With Remote Concussion Physical Assessments From the Perspectives of Clinicians and People Living With Workplace Concussions: Focus Group Study.

Background: Evaluating the clinical status of concussions using virtual platforms has become increasingly common. While virtual approaches to care are useful, there is limited information regarding the barriers and facilitators associated with a virtual concussion assessment.

Objective: This study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with engaging in virtual concussion assessments from the perspective of people living with workplace concussions; identify the barriers and facilitators to completing virtual concussion assessments from the perspectives of clinicians; and identify the clinical measures related to 4 clinical domains that would be most appropriate in virtual practice: general neurological examination and vestibular, oculomotor, and cervical spine assessment.

Clinician-Prioritized Measures to Use in a Remote Concussion Assessment: Delphi Study.

Background: There is little guidance available, and no uniform assessment battery is used in either in-person or remote evaluations of people who are experiencing persistent physical symptoms post concussion. Selecting the most appropriate measures for both in-person and remote physical assessments is challenging because of the lack of expert consensus and guidance.

Objective: This study used expert consensus processes to identify clinical measures currently used to assess 5 physical domains affected by concussion (neurological examination, cervical spine, vestibular, oculomotor, or effort) and determine the feasibility of applying the identified measures virtually.

Inflammatory cytokines associated with mild traumatic brain injury and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) trigger a neuroinflammatory response, which leads to perturbations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in a distinctive profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize data related to levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with mTBI. The electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PUBMED were searched from January 2014 to December 12, 2021.

Identification of Clinical Measures to Use in a Virtual Concussion Assessment: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Workplace concussions can have a significant impact on workers. The impact of concussion symptoms, combined with challenges associated with clinical environments that are loud, bright, and busy, create barriers to conducting effective in-person assessments. Although the opportunity for remote care in rural communities has long been recognized, the COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed the transition to virtual assessments and care into the mainstream.

Decreased Expression of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor in Platelets of Probable Alzheimer Patients.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) patients experience progressive neurological and cognitive decline attributed to neurodegeneration. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) has been identified to protect and rescue neurons in various preclinical neurodegeneration models. The expression of this protein occurs in both the central nervous system and peripheral blood.

Correlation between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and Emotional Symptom Traits: A Systematic Review.

Both mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) and systemic injuries trigger a transient neuroinflammatory response that result in similar clinical outcome. The ensuing physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms fail to subside in approximately 15-20% of the concussed population. Emotional impairments, particularly depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are commonly associated with poor recovery following mTBI.

Altered motor system function in post-concussion syndrome as assessed via transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Objective: It is unclear why specific individuals incur chronic symptoms following a concussion. This exploratory research aims to identify and characterize any neurophysiological differences that may exist in motor cortex function in post-concussion syndrome (PCS).

Methods: Fifteen adults with PCS and 13 healthy, non-injured adults were tested.

Performances on individual neurocognitive tests by people experiencing a current major depression episode: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purposes: Previous meta-analyses on neurocognitive test performances in depression have provided effect sizes for cognitive domains. Most domain effect sizes have medium to high variance heterogeneity. Restriction to each test performance could reduce variance and clarify differing test effect sizes.

Decreased Expression of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor in Platelets of Stroke Patients.

Background: Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor plays a critical role in repairing and maintaining healthy neurons in pathological conditions such as stroke. However, the association between cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor expression and stroke has only recently been investigated in preclinical models and is rarely described in human studies.

Objectives: The aims of this were to examine neurological alterations mirrored in human blood platelet cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor gene expression.

Modulation of the TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by P1 and P2 purine receptors in MDCK cells.

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during embryogenesis or under pathological conditions such as hypoxia, injury, chronic inflammation, or tissue fibrosis. In renal tubular epithelial cells (MDCK), TGF-β1 induces EMT by reducing or increasing epithelial or mesenchymal marker expression, respectively. In this study, we confirmed that the cAMP analogues, 8-CPT-cAMP or N6-Ph-cAMP, inhibited the TGF-β1-driven overexpression of the mesenchymal markers ZEB-1, Slug, Fibronectin, and α-SMA.

Evidence for purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) release from rat C6 glioma cells.

Intracellular purine turnover is mainly oriented to preserving the level of triphosphate nucleotides, fundamental molecules in vital cell functions that, when released outside cells, act as receptor signals. Conversely, high levels of purine bases and uric acid are found in the extracellular milieu, even in resting conditions. These compounds could derive from nucleosides/bases that, having escaped to cell reuptake, are metabolized by extracellular enzymes similar to the cytosolic ones.

Exercise Training in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparison of Recumbent Stepping and Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training.

There is evidence of the benefits of exercise training in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, few studies have been conducted in individuals with progressive MS and severe mobility impairment. A potential exercise rehabilitation approach is total-body recumbent stepper training (TBRST). We evaluated the safety and participant-reported experience of TBRST in people with progressive MS and compared the efficacy of TBRST with that of body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on outcomes of function, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Magnitude and variability of effect sizes for the associations between chronic pain and cognitive test performances: a meta-analysis.

Objectives And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the size and variability of the association between chronic pain (CP) and poorer cognitive test performances as a function of individual tests, pain sub-types, and study sources on 22 studies having (1) a control group, (2) reported means and standard deviations (SDs) and (3) tests studied at least 3 times.

Results: CP patients performed significantly poorer with small to moderate effects (d = -.31 to -.

A review of the neuro- and systemic inflammatory responses in post concussion symptoms: Introduction of the "post-inflammatory brain syndrome" PIBS.

Post-concussion syndrome is an aggregate of symptoms that commonly present together after head injury. These symptoms, depending on definition, include headaches, dizziness, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. However, these symptoms are common, occurring frequently in non-head injured controls, leading some to question the existence of post-concussion syndrome as a unique syndrome.

Guanosine protects glial cells against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity.

Increasing body of evidence indicates that neuron-neuroglia interaction may play a key role in determining the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic pathological condition characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. We have previously reported that guanosine (GUO) antagonizes MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells and exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. In the present study we demonstrate that GUO protected C6 glioma cells, taken as a model system for astrocytes, from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity.

Postanoxic myoclonus: two case presentations and review of medical management.

Postanoxic myoclonus is a rare manifestation after an anoxic event, with fewer than 150 cases reported in the literature. The condition is characterized by myoclonic jerks, which are worse on action than at rest, and postural lapses, ataxia, and dysarthria. The disability caused by postanoxic myoclonus can be profound, and treatment in the rehabilitation setting is exceptionally challenging.

Effects of a novel herbal formulation JSK on acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Purpose: Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers multiple cellular and molecular pathways; therapy aimed at only one pathway is unlikely to succeed. Anecdotal reports indicate that a novel herbal formulation (JSK-Ji-Sui-Kang) may enhance recovery in humans with SCI. We investigated whether JSK's therapeutic effects could be verified in a well-established SCI model in rats.

Guanosine protects against reperfusion injury in rat brains after ischemic stroke.

After ischemic stroke, early thrombolytic therapy to reestablish tissue perfusion improves outcome but triggers a cascade of deleterious cellular and molecular events. Using a collaborative approach, our groups examined the effects of guanosine (Guo) in response to ischemic reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, Guo significantly reduced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner when given systemically either immediately before or 30 min, but not 60 min, after the onset of the 5.

Enteric glia mediate neuronal outgrowth through release of neurotrophic factors.

Previous studies have shown that transplanted enteric glia enhance axonal regeneration, reduce tissue damage, and promote functional recovery following spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms by which enteric glia mediate these beneficial effects are unknown. Neurotrophic factors can promote neuronal differentiation, survival and neurite extension.