Phenotypic Differentiation Within the ' Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Family Suggests a Novel Subtype IV of Contemporary Clinical Relevance.

Background: Whole genome sequencing of clinical bacterial isolates holds promise in predicting their susceptibility to antibiotic therapy, based on a detailed understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of genotypic variation. The ' aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene family is the most abundant aminoglycoside resistance determinant encountered in clinical practice. A variety of AAC(6') isozymes have been described, suggesting a phenotypic distinction between subtype I, conferring resistance to amikacin (AMK), and subtype II, conferring resistance to gentamicin (GEN) instead.

Apramycin efficacy against carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in murine bloodstream infection models.

Background: The aminoglycoside apramycin has been proposed as a drug candidate for the treatment of critical Gram-negative systemic infections. However, the potential of apramycin in the treatment of drug-resistant bloodstream infections (BSIs) has not yet been assessed.

Methods: The resistance gene annotations of 40 888 blood-culture isolates were analysed.

Epidemiologic, Phenotypic, and Structural Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Resistance Gene .

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are powerful bactericidal therapeutics that are often used in the treatment of critical Gram-negative systemic infections. The emergence and global spread of antibiotic resistance, however, has compromised the clinical utility of aminoglycosides to an extent similar to that found for all other antibiotic-drug classes. Apramycin, a drug candidate currently in clinical development, was suggested as a next-generation aminoglycoside antibiotic with minimal cross-resistance to all other standard-of-care aminoglycosides.

Action of a minimal contractile bactericidal nanomachine.

R-type bacteriocins are minimal contractile nanomachines that hold promise as precision antibiotics. Each bactericidal complex uses a collar to bridge a hollow tube with a contractile sheath loaded in a metastable state by a baseplate scaffold. Fine-tuning of such nucleic acid-free protein machines for precision medicine calls for an atomic description of the entire complex and contraction mechanism, which is not available from baseplate structures of the (DNA-containing) T4 bacteriophage.

Structure and Function of the Branched Receptor-Binding Complex of Bacteriophage CBA120.

Bacteriophages recognize their host cells with the help of tail fiber and tailspike proteins that bind, cleave, or modify certain structures on the cell surface. The spectrum of ligands to which the tail fibers and tailspikes can bind is the primary determinant of the host range. Bacteriophages with multiple tailspike/tail fibers are thought to have a wider host range than their less endowed relatives but the function of these proteins remains poorly understood.

Feasibility of 1H-high resolution-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in the analysis of viscous cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.

The feasibility of (1)H-High Resolution-Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the direct analysis of viscous cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations such as creams, gels, and pastes is presented. Three examples are described: (i) the detection of chitosan in toothpaste, (ii) the analysis of dexamethasone acetate (DMA) in a cream, and (iii) the analysis of the local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine, in a gel and a cream. All active components could be directly detected in their original commercial formulations without the need for laborious sample preparation steps.