Caregiver decision-making concerning involuntary treatment in dementia care at home.

Background: Dementia care at home often involves decisions in which the caregiver must weigh safety concerns with respect for autonomy. These dilemmas can lead to situations where caregivers provide care against the will of persons living with dementia, referred to as involuntary treatment. To prevent this, insight is needed into how family caregivers of persons living with dementia deal with care situations that can lead to involuntary treatment.

Physical Restraints: Consensus of a Research Definition Using a Modified Delphi Technique.

Objectives: To develop an internationally accepted research definition of physical restraint.

Design: Comprehensive literature search followed by a web-based, three-round, modified Delphi technique comprising reviews and feedback.

Setting: Clinical care settings.

Behind Closed Doors: Involuntary Treatment in Care of Persons with Cognitive Impairment at Home in the Netherlands.

Objectives: To explore the prevalence and associated factors of involuntary treatment (physical restraints, psychotropic medication, nonconsensual care) in persons with cognitive impairment receiving home care.

Design: Cross-sectional survey using association analyses.

Setting: Professional home care in the southern part of the Netherlands.

Multidisciplinary Views on Applying Explicit and Implicit Motor Learning in Practice: An International Survey.

Background: A variety of options and techniques for causing implicit and explicit motor learning have been described in the literature. The aim of the current paper was to provide clearer guidance for practitioners on how to apply motor learning in practice by exploring experts' opinions and experiences, using the distinction between implicit and explicit motor learning as a conceptual departure point.

Methods: A survey was designed to collect and aggregate informed opinions and experiences from 40 international respondents who had demonstrable expertise related to motor learning in practice and/or research.

Daily (In)Activities of Nursing Home Residents in Their Wards: An Observation Study.

Objectives: Research shows that nursing home residents are largely inactive. This inactivity negatively influences physical fitness, and participation in daily activities is known to have a positive influence on physical function and quality of life. Existing research does not provide sufficient insight into the daily activities in which nursing home residents participate.

An overview of potential labor-saving and quality-improving innovations in long-term care for older people.

Objectives: Increasing demands in long-term care for older people and a decrease in workforce availability can be expected in the future. These developments challenge the sustainability and quality of long-term care for older people. To address these challenges, long-term care organizations are forced to innovate.

Changes in caregiver burden and health-related quality of life of informal caregivers of older people with Dementia: evidence from the European RightTimePlaceCare prospective cohort study.

Aims: To describe differences in caregiver burden and health-related quality of life of informal caregivers of people with dementia in eight European countries and assess changes after transition from home to institutional long-term care.

Background: Country differences in the experience of burden and health-related quality of life are rarely described.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Needs of informal caregivers during transition from home towards institutional care in dementia: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Background: Alongside providing care, informal caregivers of people with dementia often need support and guidance themselves, especially during difficult periods such as the care-transition from home towards a nursing home. Knowledge on needs of informal caregivers during this period is sparse. This study aims to provide insight into problems and needs of informal caregivers caring for people with dementia during care-transition from home-based care to institutional long-term care.

The association between positive-negative reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes in eight European countries: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To describe the associations between positive and negative reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes across eight European Countries.

Background: Caring for someone with dementia may have implications for the caregiver's own health and for the care recipient. These consequences could be associated with caregivers' reactions to the process of care.

Older persons with dementia at risk for institutionalization in eight European countries: a cross-sectional study on the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Aims: To explore the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals regarding potential reasons for the institutionalization of older persons with dementia in eight European countries.

Background: Healthcare professionals may have an important role in facilitating informal caregivers' decision-making regarding institutionalization. Little is known about the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals prior to institutionalization.

Predicting institutional long-term care admission in dementia: a mixed-methods study of informal caregivers' reports.

Aim: To investigate agreement between: (1) expected reasons and actual reasons for admission of people with dementia according to informal caregivers; (2) scores on measurement instruments prior to admission and the actual reasons for admission according to informal caregivers.

Background: Timely admission of people with dementia is a crucial issue. Information is highly warranted on whether informal caregivers are capable of prior identification of causes of admission and, can thus be considered a reliable prospective source on causes of admission.

Using a Delphi technique to seek consensus regarding definitions, descriptions and classification of terms related to implicit and explicit forms of motor learning.

Background: Motor learning is central to domains such as sports and rehabilitation; however, often terminologies are insufficiently uniform to allow effective sharing of experience or translation of knowledge. A study using a Delphi technique was conducted to ascertain level of agreement between experts from different motor learning domains (i.e.

Reasons for institutionalization of people with dementia: informal caregiver reports from 8 European countries.

Objectives: To explore reasons for institutionalization of people with dementia according to informal caregivers as well as variation in reasons between countries.

Design: An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 European countries.

Setting: Per country, a minimum of 3 long term care facilities, offering care and accommodation as a package, participated in this study.

Terminology, taxonomy, and facilitation of motor learning in clinical practice: protocol of a delphi study.

Background: Facilitating motor learning in patients during clinical practice is complex, especially in people with cognitive impairments. General principles of motor learning are available for therapists to use in their practice. However, the translation of evidence from the different fields of motor learning for use in clinical practice is problematic due to lack of uniformity in definition and taxonomy of terms related to motor learning.

Process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention program (EXBELT) to reduce belt restraints in nursing homes.

Objective: The current study describes the process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention program (Expelling Belts [EXBELT]) to reduce the use of belt restraints in psychogeriatric nursing homes. The aim was to assess the feasibility and ascertain suggestions for optimization of the EXBELT program.

Design: A descriptive study comprising longitudinal elements.

Continuous versus intermittent data collection of health care utilization.

Background: In economic evaluations, participants have to report their health care utilization continuously during follow-up. To unburden participants, researchers often collect data intermittently (i.e.

Reduction of belt restraint use: long-term effects of the EXBELT intervention.

Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of the EXBELT intervention program, which was designed to reduce belt restraint use and was found to be effective immediately after implementation, after 24 months.

Design: Quasi-experimental longitudinal design.

Setting: Thirteen nursing homes: seven assigned to control group and six to intervention group.

Preventing belt restraint use in newly admitted residents in nursing homes: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Physical restraints are commonly used in psychogeriatric nursing home residents despite reports of negative consequences. Most research has focused on restraint reduction without addressing methods to prevent initiation of restraints in nursing homes. EXBELT has been found to decrease belt restraint use but should also be evaluated for its use in preventing restraints.

Belt restraint reduction in nursing homes: effects of a multicomponent intervention program.

Objectives: To test the effects of a multicomponent intervention program to reduce the use of belt restraints in psychogeriatric nursing homes.

Design: A quasi-experimental longitudinal design. Study duration was 8 months.

Relationship between location and activity in injurious falls: an exploratory study.

Background: Knowledge about the circumstances under which injurious falls occur could provide healthcare workers with better tools to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. Therefore, we assessed whether older persons who sustain an injurious fall can be classified into specific fall types, based on a combination of fall location and activity up to the moment of the fall. In addition, we assessed whether specific injurious fall types are related to causes of the fall, consequences of the fall, socio-demographic characteristics, and health-related characteristics.

Belt restraint reduction in nursing homes: design of a quasi-experimental study.

Background: The use of physical restraints still is common practice in the nursing home care. Since physical restraints have been shown to be an ineffective and sometimes even hazardous measure, interventions are needed to reduce their usage. Several attempts have been made to reduce the use of physical restraints.

Lessons learned from a multidisciplinary fall-prevention programme: the occupational-therapy element.

Objective: To gain insight into the contribution of the occupational-therapy part of a multidisciplinary fall prevention programme towards the reduction of falls and functional decline.

Design: A descriptive and exploratory study.

Methods: Data were collected in the context of a randomized controlled trial that found no effect of a multidisciplinary fall prevention programme.

Process factors explaining the ineffectiveness of a multidisciplinary fall prevention programme: a process evaluation.

Background: Falls are a major health threat to older community-living people, and initiatives to prevent falls should be a public health priority. We evaluated a Dutch version of a successful British fall prevention programme. Results of this Dutch study showed no effects on falls or daily functioning.

Lack of effectiveness of a multidisciplinary fall-prevention program in elderly people at risk: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess whether a pragmatic multidisciplinary fall-prevention program was more effective than usual care in preventing new falls and functional decline in elderly people.

Design: A two-group, randomized, controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up.

Setting: University hospital and home-based intervention, the Netherlands.