Frequencies and mechanisms of mutational resistance to ceftibuten/avibactam in Enterobacterales.

Background: Antibiotic resistance complicates treatment of urinary infections, particularly when these ascend above the bladder, with few oral options remaining. New oral β-lactamase inhibitor combinations present a potential answer, with ceftibuten/avibactam-now undergoing clinical trials-widely active against strains with ESBLs and serine carbapenemases. To inform its development we undertook mutant selection studies.

Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae detected in England, 2015-24: an observational analysis.

Objectives: Since June 2022, there has been a rise in the number of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae cases detected in England (n = 15), of which a third were XDR. We describe the demographic and clinical details of the recent cases and investigate the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the isolates. For a comprehensive overview, we also reviewed 16 ceftriaxone-resistant cases previously identified in England since December 2015 and performed a global genomic comparison of all publicly available ceftriaxone-resistant N.

Genomic insights into the diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of group B clinical isolates from Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Detailed assessment of the population structure of group B (GBS) among adults is still lacking in Saudi Arabia. Here we characterized a representative collection of isolates from colonized and infected adults.

Methods: GBS isolates (n=89) were sequenced by Illumina and screened for virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants.

Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as an important cause of severe infections in adults. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of GBS in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Isolates were collected over a period of eight months from colonized (n = 104) and infected adults (n = 95).

Molecular characterization and differential effects of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the potential for developing quinolone resistance among clinical isolates.

Background: Fluoroquinolones are some of the most used antimicrobial agents for the treatment of . This study aimed at exploring the differential activity of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on the selection of resistance among isolates at our medical center.

Methods: 233 clinical isolates were included in this study.

Epididymo-Orchitis Caused by POM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing in an Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report and Molecular Characterization.

is a rare and unique species among the genus that has not been previously reported as a cause of male genitourinary tract infection. In this report, we describe a case of a 20-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with recurrent epididymo-orchitis, which was initially misidentified as Vibrio vulnificus and treated successfully. The causative agent could not be identified appropriately using the available routine methods, but a final identification was established using 16S rRNA targeted sequencing followed by whole-genome sequencing.

In vitro activity of cefiderocol against clinically important carbapenem non-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria from Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Cefiderocol is a novel catechol-substituted siderophore cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative pathogens. However, variation of its activity among carbapenemase producers from various regions and countries has been reported. Here, we checked the in vitro activity against Gram-negative carbapenem non-susceptible bacteria collected in Saudi Arabia.

Epidemiological and molecular description of nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Nosocomial outbreaks frequently occurred during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, sharing experiences on outbreak containment is vital to reduce the related burden in different locations.

Objectives: This article aims at sharing a practical experience on COVID-19 outbreak containment, including contact tracing, screening of target population, testing including molecular analysis, and preventive modalities. It also provides an epidemiological and molecular analysis of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Diversity of carbapenemase-producing in England as revealed by whole-genome sequencing of isolates referred to a national reference laboratory over a 30-month period.

Increasing numbers of carbapenemase-producing (CPE), which can be challenging to treat, have been referred to the national reference laboratory in England since the early 2000s. Previous studies on CPE in the UK have focussed on localized outbreaks. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to isolates referred to the national reference laboratory over 30 months to inform our understanding of CPE epidemiology in England.

Acquired resistome and plasmid sequencing of - carrying MDR Enterobacteriaceae from poultry and their relationship to STs associated with humans.

Objectives: To investigate the acquired resistome in 18 colistin-resistant isolated from different poultry farms in Lebanon, analyse Inc plasmids associated with and assess potential transmission to humans.

Methods: A total of 18 were recovered from poultry faeces collected from different poultry farms in Lebanon. Broth microdilution (BMD) assay was performed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles.

Genomic Characterization of Carbapenem-Non-susceptible Clinical Isolates From Saudi Arabia Revealed a Global Dissemination of GES-5-Producing ST235 and VIM-2-Producing ST233 Sub-Lineages.

Carbapenem-resistant has become a major clinical problem due to limited treatment options. However, studies assessing the trends in the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen are lacking in Saudi Arabia. Here, we reported the genome characterization in a global context of carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates from a nationally representative survey.

Invasive fungal infection of the brain caused by in a post-renal transplant patient: A case report.

Neoscytalidium is a phytopathogen that is often found in plants and soil. It mostly leads to skin and nail infections, and invasive diseases of the sinuses, lung, and brain have been described mostly in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a post-renal transplant patient who received anti-thymocyte globulin for induction immunosuppression.

Successful treatment of infective endocarditis due to pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam.

Pandrug-resistant (PDR) K. pneumoniae refractory to conventional treatment has been reported worldwide, causing a huge burden on the healthcare system, patient safety and the economy. K.

Activity of β-lactam/taniborbactam (VNRX-5133) combinations against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Background: Boronates are of growing interest as β-lactamase inhibitors. The only marketed analogue, vaborbactam, principally targets KPC carbapenemases, but taniborbactam (VNRX-5133, Venatorx) has a broader spectrum.

Methods: MICs of cefepime and meropenem were determined combined with taniborbactam or avibactam for carbapenem-resistant UK isolates.

Genomic analysis of the first KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a patient in Riyadh: A new public health concern in Saudi Arabia.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from human patients in many countries across the globe but rarely in Saudi Arabia. Here we provide the genomic characterization of the first KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from the urine of a patient in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who had a recent travel history to Egypt involving a medical procedure.

The characterization of mobile colistin resistance () genes among 33 000 genomes from routine public health surveillance in England.

To establish the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance () genes amongst isolates obtained through public health surveillance in England (April 2014 to September 2017), 33 205 . genome sequences obtained from human, food, animal and environmental isolates were screened for the presence of variants 1 to 8. The -positive genomes were assembled, annotated and characterized according to plasmid type.

Comparison of phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in England and Wales, 2015-16.

Objectives: To compare and evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for the detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in England and Wales.

Methods: WGS data from 528 isolates of Campylobacter spp. (452 C.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in human-derived and foodchain-derived samples from England, Wales, and Scotland: an epidemiological surveillance and typing study.

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates (ESBL-E coli) cause more than 5000 cases of bacteraemias annually in the UK. The contribution of the food chain to these infections is debated. We aimed to identify the most important reservoirs of ESBL-E coli that colonise and infect humans to identify strategic intervention points.

Emergence of diversity in carbapenemase-producing ST131, England, January 2014 to June 2016.

Background ST131, a global, high-risk clone, comprises fluoroquinolone resistance (FQ-R) mutations and CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases associated with the 30-encoding clades, C1 and C2. Further carbapenem resistance development in ST131 is a public health concern.AimThis observational study aimed to probe the diversity of carbapenemase-producing (CP ) ST131 across England.

. Enteritidis and . Typhimurium Harboring SPI-1 and SPI-2 Are the Predominant Serotypes Associated With Human Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia.

Non-typhoidal (NTS) strains are Gram negative bacterial pathogens that are associated with foodborne illness worldwide. During the process of infection, uses two molecular injectisomes known as Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS) to secrete virulence factors that are encoded by Pathogenicity Island-1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 into host cells. These secretion systems play a major role in virulence, as shown in various animal models, but little is known about their role in human infections.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Colistin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 22 Strain Harboring on an IncHI2 Plasmid, Isolated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

We report the complete genome sequence of a colistin-resistant strain of uropathogenic , isolated in January 2013 at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The isolate (named SA186) was sequence type 131 (ST131) and belonged to serotype O25b-H4 and clade B (22).

Clonal expansion of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people who inject drugs (PWID): prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2012 to 2017.

Background: In 2015, Bristol (South West England) experienced a large increase in cases of meticillin-resistant (MRSA) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID).

Aim: We aimed to characterise and estimate the prevalence of MRSA colonisation among PWID in Bristol and test evidence of a clonal outbreak.

Methods: PWID recruited through an unlinked-anonymous community survey during 2016 completed behavioural questionnaires and were screened for MRSA.