Protocol for whole-slide image analysis of human multiplexed tumor tissues using QuPath and R.

The spatial organization of cells within tissues aids in understanding physiological and pathological processes, as well as elucidating the mechanisms of action underlying treatments. We present a protocol for analyzing image-based spatial proteomics data. To illustrate, we focus on whole-slide images of human multiplexed tumor tissues acquired using the PhenoCycler-Fusion 2.

Evaluating the reproducibility and validity of maximal mouth opening measurement techniques.

Objectives: A limitation of the maximal mouth opening (MMO) is a frequent complication of oral (cancer) surgery. The measurement between the right central incisors is considered the golden standard for assessing MMO, although it has been noted to overestimate MMO in edentulous patients. This study aims to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of four MMO techniques and to determine the extent to which they are dependent on the remaining dentition.

Surgical management of a temporal meningoencephalocele with a patient-specific combined craniofossa prosthesis: illustrative case.

Background: Meningoencephaloceles can originate through any defect in the cranial bones, including the skull base. They can be completely asymptomatic or present with typical symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or meningitis.

Observations: The authors present the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with right-sided ear and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain.

Virtual reconstruction of orbital defects using Gaussian process morphable models.

Purpose: The conventional method to reconstruct the bone level for orbital defects, which is based on mirroring and manual adaptation, is time-consuming and the accuracy highly depends on the expertise of the clinical engineer. The aim of this study is to propose and evaluate an automated reconstruction method utilizing a Gaussian process morphable model (GPMM).

Methods: Sixty-five Computed Tomography (CT) scans of healthy midfaces were used to create a GPMM that can model shape variations of the orbital region.

Bridging the knowledge-Practice gap: Insights from a survey of Belgian dental professionals on diagnosis and supportive oral cancer treatment in comparison with international guidelines.

Objective: Early detection significantly improves the prognosis of oral cancer patients, contingent upon the knowledge of dental professionals. This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, practices and perceptions regarding oral cancer among dental professionals in Belgium.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed via Qualtrics to general dentists, dental specialists, dental hygienists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

CD4 T cell activation distinguishes response to anti-PD-L1+anti-CTLA4 therapy from anti-PD-L1 monotherapy.

Cancer patients often receive a combination of antibodies targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). We conducted a window-of-opportunity study in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to examine the contribution of anti-CTLA4 to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Single-cell profiling of on- versus pre-treatment biopsies identified T cell expansion as an early response marker.

OrthoCalc: The six degrees of freedom measurement workflow of rotational and displacement changes for maxilla positioning evaluation.

Background: This study is undertaken to establish the accuracy and reliability of OrthoCalc, a 3D application designed for the evaluation of maxillary positioning.

Methods: We registered target virtual planned models, maxillary models from pre-operative and post-operative CT scans, and post-operative intra-oral scans to a common reference system, allowing for digital evaluation. To assess rotational changes, we introduced a novel measurement method based on virtual cuboid models.

Exploring long-term responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have introduced a new era in the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Optimal duration for ICI therapy is still unclear and the long-term outcomes and toxicity in patients responding to these therapies warrant further exploration. This study attempts to identify the clinical and biological determinants of a durable response and evaluate outcomes following ICI treatment discontinuation.

Accuracy of surgical navigation for patient-specific reconstructions of orbital fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the recent literature on the technical accuracy of surgical navigation for patient-specific reconstruction of orbital fractures using a patient-specific implant, and to compare surgical navigation with conventional techniques.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane (Core Collection) databases on May 16, 2023. Literature comparing surgical navigation with a conventional method using postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography imaging was collected.

A 16-year retrospective study of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region.

Depending on the diagnostic modality, the classification of vascular anomalies varies and so does the nomenclature. The 'International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies' (ISSVA) is the most widely accepted classification in the literature and is mainly based on the radiologic and clinical presentation. The aim of this article is to review the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region in a university hospital, with special focus on the nomenclature.

Maxillomandibular Reconstruction Using Insourced Virtual Surgical Planning and Homemade CAD/CAM: A Single-Center Evolution in 75 Patients.

Background: Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of surgical guides and jigs have dramatically changed the predictability of bony reconstruction of the jaw. VSP craftsmanship can lead to precision and enables the surgeon to complement the donor bone osteotomies with bony resection of the jaw. In recent years, immediate dental rehabilitation has become an integral part of VSP.

The predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and body composition prior to and during immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients.

Background: Response rates of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) are low.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective multicentre cohort study evaluates the predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and changes in body composition prior and during therapy. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 98 patients were retrieved, including neutrophil and platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR and PLR).

Do Gender and Age Influence Nasal Soft Tissue Widening After Bone-Borne Transpalatal Distraction?

Purpose: Widening of the nasal soft tissue after transpalatal distraction (TPD) is a well-known consequence of this treatment method used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency. However, because literature is scarce about the influence of gender and age, the purpose of this study is to estimate changes in the nasal soft tissue after TPD and to measure the association of gender and age with these observed changes.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with transverse maxillary deficiency underwent combined orthodontic-surgical treatment.

Long-term survival of implant-based oral rehabilitation following maxillofacial reconstruction with vascularized bone flap.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the 5-year cumulative survival rate of implant-based dental rehabilitation following maxillofacial reconstruction with a vascularized bone flap and to investigate the potential risk factors which might influence the survival rate.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed. Inclusion criteria involved 18 years old or above patients with the availability of clinical and radiological data and a minimum follow-up 1 year following implant placement.

Value of six comorbidity scales for predicting survival of patients with primary surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Comorbidities influence treatment outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study compared the predictive performance of six comorbidity scales for overall survival after surgery for OSCC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed OSCC patients, surgically treated at an academic center in Belgium between January 01, 2000 and January 01, 2020.

A Retrospective Analysis of a Cohort of Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer.

Objective: The treatment approach of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) has long been similar for all patients. Any difference in treatment strategy was only based on existing comorbidities and on preferences of the patient and the treating oncologist. The recent advance obtained with immune therapy and more specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been a true game changer.

The Effectiveness of Surgical Methods for Trismus Release at Least 6 Months After Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: Systematic Review.

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to identify the different surgical treatment modalities of severe trismus after head and neck squamous cell cancer treatment.

Methods: An electronic literature database search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and OpenGrey to determine articles published up to September 2021. Two observers independently assessed the identified papers for eligibility according to PRISMA guidelines.

Preclinical study of additive manufactured plates with shortened lengths for complete mandible reconstruction: Design, biomechanics simulation, and fixation stability assessment.

Background: A combination of short titanium plates fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) provides multiple advantages for complete mandible reconstruction, such as the minimisation of inherent implant deformation formed during AM and the resulting clinical impact, as well as greater flexibility for surgical operation. However, the biomechanical feasibility of this strategy is still unclear, and therefore needs to be explored.

Method: Three different combinations of short mandible reconstruction plates (MRPs) were customised considering implant deformation during the AM process.

Application of Three-Dimensional Printed Customized Surgical Plates for Mandibular Reconstruction: Report of Consecutive Cases and Long-Term Postoperative Evaluation.

This study aims to evaluate the use of customized surgical plates in patients with mandibular defects concerning postoperative aesthetics and functional outcomes during the 2-year follow-up. Preoperative virtual surgical plans and patient-specific three-dimensional printed plates were tailored for consecutive patients. Preoperative preparation, surgical produces, postoperative aesthetics, and functional outcomes were described in detail.

Cardiac metastasis in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

A 55-year-old man initially presented with an undifferentiated, HPV-p16-negative squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the left tonsillar region (cT4a N0 M0), which was treated with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Several months later, the patient developed osteoradionecrosis on the left side of the mandible as well as a second primary lesion at the left base of the tongue. Surgical resection and mandibular reconstruction with a free vascularised fibula flap was performed.

Adherence to Computer-Assisted Surgical Planning in 136 Maxillofacial Reconstructions.

Objective: To investigate the adherence to initially planned maxillofacial reconstructions using computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and to identify the influential factors affecting its compliance for maxillofacial reconstruction.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 136 computer-assisted maxillofacial reconstructive surgeries was conducted from January 2014 to June 2020. The categorical parameters involved age, gender, disease etiology, disease site, defect size, bone flap segments, and flap type.

The Effect of Smoking on the Postoperative Course After Head and Neck Reconstruction With a Vascularized Free Flap: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: The objective of the present study is to determine the impact of smoking on hospital and intensive care unit stay, need for surgical reintervention, Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity, and surgical complications after head and neck reconstructions.

Methods: All 153 patients who underwent head and neck reconstructions with free tissue transfer at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at the University Hospitals of Leuven between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Data from medical charts were extracted.

Computer-assisted versus traditional freehand technique for mandibular reconstruction with free vascularized fibular flap: A matched-pair study.

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a surgery-related and patient-related outcome analysis of a case-matched series of patients treated with computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and traditional freehand surgery.

Methods: A total of 153 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction by VFF were included from Jan 1999 to Dec 2019. The mandibular resection and reconstruction were performed by four experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

Donor- and recipient-site morbidity of vascularized fibular and iliac flaps for mandibular reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the early and late morbidities of the donor- and recipient-site in patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction using either vascularized fibular flap (VFF) or vascularized iliac flap (VIF). Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Embase, were explored for literature published until October 2020. A total of twenty-four articles reporting complications following mandibular reconstruction surgery with follow-up periods ranging from six to 63 months were selected based on the exclusion criteria.

Burkitt lymphoma in children causing an osteolytic lesion in the mandible: A case report.

Imaging is the first step in diagnosing a persistent swelling of the jaw. A lymphoma in the jaw typically manifests as a poorly defined osteolytic lesion. A biopsy is mandatory and will result in definite diagnosis.