A flavoromics approach to investigate the effect of Saskatoon berry powder on the sensory attributes, acceptability, volatile components, and electronic nose responses of a low-fat frozen yogurt.

Introduction: Saskatoon berries are grown in Canada and some northwestern states in the United States, and are notable for containing abundant antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, metal elements, and fiber. To increase consumer interest in and accessibility to Saskatoon berries, some producers have begun to develop processes for refining Saskatoon berries into a powder with an extended shelf life that can be incorporated into a variety of value-added food products. To assess the desirability of this approach, this study sought to determine how the sensory attributes, consumer acceptability, and volatile and non-volatile composition of a plain, Greek-style frozen yogurt (PY) changed when fortified with 16% Saskatoon berry powder (SBP).

Muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor antagonism activates TRPM3 to augment mitochondrial function and drive axonal repair in adult sensory neurons.

Objective: Antagonism of the muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (MR) promotes sensory axon repair and is protective in peripheral neuropathy, however, the mechanism remains elusive. We investigated the role of the heat-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin-3 (TRPM3) cation channel in MR antagonism-mediated nerve regeneration and explored the potential of TRPM3 activation to facilitate axonal plasticity.

Methods: Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from adult control or diabetic rats were cultured and treated with TRPM3 agonists (CIM0216, pregnenolone sulfate) and MR antagonists pirenzepine (PZ) or muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7).

Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer - a review.

Early detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers in patients' urine. In this review, 44 studies covering the use and/or identification of cancer-related VOCs were examined, including studies which examined multiple types of cancer simultaneously, as well as diverse study designs.

A Comparison of Dry Bean and Pea Consumption on Serum Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Mild Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Diets including pulses are associated with better cardiovascular profiles, including lipid, glycemia, and hemodynamics; however, evidence is lacking regarding the contributions of individual pulse varieties.

Objectives: This randomized, controlled trial examined the effects of beans or peas individually, relative to rice, on LDL-cholesterol levels (primary outcome) and other indices of cardiovascular disease risk (secondary outcomes) at 6 wk in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, single-blind, 3-arm parallel-group study was conducted in 2 Canadian cities (Edmonton, Alberta; Winnipeg, Manitoba).

Lipidomic Predictors of Coronary No-Reflow.

The ‘no-reflow’ phenomenon (NRP) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a serious complication among acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Herein, a comprehensive lipidomics approach was used to quantify over 300 distinct molecular species in circulating plasma from 126 patients with STEMI before and after primary PCI. Our analysis showed that three lipid classes: phosphatidylcholine (PC), alkylphosphatidylcholine (PC(O)), and sphingomyelin (SM), were significantly elevated (p < 0.

Data-driven identification of plasma metabolite clusters and metabolites of interest for potential detection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer cases versus cancer-free controls.

Background: Metabolomics is a potential means for biofluid-based lung cancer detection. We conducted a non-targeted, data-driven assessment of plasma from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC) cases versus cancer-free controls (CFC) to explore and identify the classes of metabolites for further targeted metabolomics biomarker development.

Methods: Plasma from 250 ES-NSCLC cases and 250 CFCs underwent ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) in positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) modes.

Metabolic Alterations in Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate of Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Surgical Resection: A Pilot Study.

Every year, close to two million people world-wide are diagnosed with and die of lung cancer. Most patients present with advanced-stage cancer with limited curative options and poor prognosis. Diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage provides the best chance for a cure.

Patterns of alpha-linolenic acid incorporation into phospholipids in H4IIE cells.

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an 18-carbon essential fatty acid found in plant-based foods and oils. While much attention has been placed on conversion of ALA to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, alternative routes of ALA metabolism exist and may lead to formation of other bioactive metabolites of ALA. The current study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile ALA metabolites that are significantly upregulated by ALA treatment.

Acute Effects of Split Pea-Enriched White Pan Bread on Postprandial Glycemic and Satiety Responses in Healthy Volunteers-A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Pulse consumption has been associated with reduced postprandial glucose response (PPGR) and improved satiety. The objective of this study was (i) to investigate the effects of fortifying white pan bread with split yellow pea ( L.) flour on PPGR and appetite-related sensations, and (ii) to determine whether Revtech heat processing of pea flour alters the postprandial effects.

Development of iPSC-based clinical trial selection platform for patients with ultrarare diseases.

A "Leap-of-Faith" approach is used to treat patients with previously unknown ultrarare pathogenic mutations, often based on evidence from patients having dissimilar but more prevalent mutations. This uncertainty reflects the need to develop personalized prescreening platforms for these patients to assess drug efficacy before considering clinical trial enrollment. In this study, we report an 18-year-old patient with ultrarare Leigh-like syndrome.

Analyses of serum and urinary metabolites in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) consuming a bean-rich diet: relationships with drug metabolites.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has high morbidity and mortality rates. A metabolomics approach was employed to determine whether consumption of bean-rich diets for 8 weeks would impact the metabolomic profile of individuals with PAD. Serum and urine, collected from 54 participants with clinical PAD at baseline and after 8 weeks on 0.

Defining Acute Coronary Syndrome through Metabolomics.

As an emerging platform technology, metabolomics offers new insights into the pathomechanisms associated with complex disease conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. It also facilitates assessing the risk of developing the disease before its clinical manifestation. For this reason, metabolomics is of growing interest for understanding the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), finding new biomarkers of ACS, and its associated risk management.

Effect of Revtech thermal processing on volatile organic compounds and chemical characteristics of split yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) flour.

Yellow pea (Pisumsativum L.) is an economically rich source of nutrients with health-promoting effects. However, the consumption of pea ingredients is minimal due to their off-flavor characteristics.

Metabolic Changes in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients after Surgical Resection.

Metabolic alterations in malignant cells play a vital role in tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Biofluids from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbor metabolic biomarkers with potential clinical applications. In this study, we assessed the changes in the metabolic profile of patients with early-stage NSCLC using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after surgical resection.

Sodium: What is the right amount?

Sodium is an important nutrient for good health, but excessive amounts in the diet are known to cause an array of complications, including hypertension and exacerbating kidney disease. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the most current evidence as it relates to sodium intake, since there have been some recent reports contradicting current recommended guidelines. Since the majority of people consuming a typical Western diet exceed recommended sodium levels, it is of utmost importance to determine if this is problematic in otherwise healthy populations, or if sodium should only be restricted in those with underlying health conditions.

Comparative metabolomics studies of blood collected in streck and heparin tubes from lung cancer patients.

Metabolomics analysis of blood from patients (n = 42) undergoing surgery for suspected lung cancer was performed in this study. Venous and arterial blood was collected in both Streck and Heparin tubes. A total of 96 metabolites were detected, affected by sex (n = 56), collection tube (n = 33), and blood location (n = 8).

The effect of choline availability from gestation to early development on brain and retina functions and phospholipid composition in a male mouse model.

Objectives: Although choline is essential for brain development and neural function, the effect of choline on retina function is not well understood. This study examined the effects of choline on neural tissues of brain and retina, and membrane phospholipid (PL) composition during fetal development.

Methods: Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were fed one of 4 choline modified diets: i) control (Cont, 2.

Oxidized phosphatidylcholines trigger ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury increases the generation of oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs), which results in cell death. However, the mechanism by which OxPCs mediate cell death and cardiac dysfunction is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which OxPC triggers cardiomyocyte cell death during reperfusion injury.

Metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure regulation: a review.

Hypertension is a chronic health condition in which blood pressure is usually elevated beyond normal levels. It can progress with serious complications if left undetected and untreated. Incidence of hypertension is on the increase worldwide with debilitating consequences on the health systems of many countries.

BNIP3L/Nix-induced mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and impaired myocyte glucose uptake are abrogated by PRKA/PKA phosphorylation.

Lipotoxicity is a form of cellular stress caused by the accumulation of lipids resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in muscle. Previously, we demonstrated that the mitophagy receptor BNIP3L/Nix is responsive to lipotoxicity and accumulates in response to a high-fat (HF) feeding. To provide a better understanding of this observation, we undertook gene expression array and shot-gun metabolomics studies in soleus muscle from rodents on an HF diet.

North American Wild Rice-Attenuated Hyperglycemia in High-Fat-Induced Obese Mice: Involvement of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

Previous studies indicated that North American wild rice (WIR) reduced atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. The effects of WIR on hyperglycemia in diabetic animal models have not been documented. The present study aims to determine the impact of WIR on glucose metabolism in high-fat (HF)-induced diabetic mice and a key modulator.

Sensory and Physical Characteristics of Pan Bread Fortified with Thermally Treated Split Yellow Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Flour.

Pulses, including peas, are a good source of protein, dietary fiber, folic acid, and iron and are reported to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, pulse ingredients present a known challenge as they exhibit a grassy/beany off-flavor. Heat treatment in some cases can decrease this off-flavor.

Non-invasive exploration of metabolic profile of lung cancer with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Current low dose CT screening is invasive and its role remains contentious. There are no known biomarkers to monitor treatment response, detect disease recurrence and patient selection for adjuvant treatment after curative surgical resection.

Metabolomic characterization of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

The aim of the study was to discover the metabolomic changes in plasma that occur during human Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injury and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of plasma metabolomic biomarkers for determination of myocardial injury. Deciphering the details of plasma metabolome in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients before and after primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PPCI) would allow for better understanding of the mechanisms involved during acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in humans. We performed a detailed non-targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma from 27 STEMI patients who had undergone PPCI in the first 48 hrs employing a LC-MS approach.