Subacute Thyroiditis is Associated with , - and --The Significance of the New Molecular Background.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still not completely defined. Previous viral infection is considered to be a triggering factor in genetically predisposed individuals. In about 70% of patients, susceptibility to SAT is associated with the allele.

Time-Lag Between Symptom Onset and Diagnosis of Subacute Thyroiditis - How to Avoid the Delay of Diagnosis and Unnecessary Overuse of Antibiotics.

Clinical symptoms of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) may be misleading and the proper diagnosis is significantly delayed, and many unnecessary therapeutic methods are used, including application of antibiotics. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons and frequency of delayed SAT diagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic treatment and to propose a simple algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and prevent antibiotic abuse. Sixty-four SAT patients were divided into groups depending on the period of time from the first symptoms of SAT to diagnosis and on the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Thyroid primary and metastatic malignant tumours of poor prognosis may mimic subacute thyroiditis - time to change the diagnostic criteria: case reports and a review of the literature.

Background: The diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is based mainly on the presence of painful thyroid goitre and a significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Proceeding according to these diagnostic criteria may lead to an incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Extremely dangerous is the situation when the diagnosis of SAT is erroneously made based on criteria other than ultrasound (US) image and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), which leads to delayed diagnosis of malignant tumour with poor prognosis.

Clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis is different than it used to be - current state based on 15 years own material.

Introduction: The clinical characteristics of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) has been changing in recent years. There are more and more patients with painless SAT, and more cases of SAT with elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies were reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SAT patients with special regard to the differences between the previously described and currently observed features of the disease.

A successful case of pregnancy in a woman with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome treated with ketoconazole and metyrapone.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare disease caused by a chronic excess of cortisol. Hypercortisolaemia may affect reproductive system leading to infertility in women. However, some of the patients remain fertile, although pregnancy is uncommon.

[Clinical procedure in amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction].

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug frequently used in everyday clinical practice. Its mechanism of action involves the interaction with many receptors, including those in the cardiac conduction system. Amiodarone usefulness is protect in the treatment of a variety of tachyarrhythmias, both benign and life-threatening.

Indole cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitors: discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of 4-{3-[5-chloro-2-(2-{[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}benzoic acid, efipladib.

The optimization of a class of indole cPLA 2 alpha inhibitors is described herein. The importance of the substituent at C3 and the substitution pattern of the phenylmethane sulfonamide region are highlighted. Optimization of these regions led to the discovery of 111 (efipladib) and 121 (WAY-196025), which are shown to be potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA 2 alpha in a variety of isolated enzyme assays, cell based assays, and rat and human whole blood assays.

Optimization of 6,7-disubstituted-4-(arylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitriles as orally active, irreversible inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 kinase activity.

A series of new 6,7-disubstituted-4-(arylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives that function as irreversible inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases have been prepared. These compounds demonstrated enhanced activities for inhibiting HER-2 kinase and the growth of HER-2 positive cells compared to our EGFR kinase inhibitor 86 (EKB-569). Three synthetic routes were used to prepare these compounds.

Stress effects of noise in a field experiment in comparison to reactions to short term noise exposure in the laboratory.

Reactions to noise-induced communication disturbance of 42 men during a seminar were investigated. Stress reactions with or without road traffic noise (Lm = 60 dBA) were compared. Traffic noise was played back via loudspeakers during one day in the seminar room.

51V-NMR and (51)T(1)(T) of charge ordering and spin gap in alpha'-NaV(2)O(5).

We report the interpretation of the first (51)V data on the low-temperature phase of alpha'-NaV(2)O(5) which presents more than two vanadium valences and compare the data to structural models. The influence of the dependence of the line positions on very small amounts of Na substitution by Ca and Li is reported and discussed. The doping and orientation dependence of the spin gap as seen by (51)T(1) is documented, the evidence points towards a significant anisotropy in the nature of the gap which is sensitive to doping.

Risk factors and characteristics of falls resulting in hip fracture in the elderly.

Background: Risk factors for injurious falls among elderly people differ from those for falls in general. The characteristics of falls play an important role in determining the risk of hip fracture.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with the fall characteristics known to be associated with the majority of hip fractures, e.

A short formal synthesis of squalamine from a microbial metabolite.

A short formal synthesis of squalamine is described, utilizing the biotransformation product 2, which is available in one step from commercially available 3-keto-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-ol (1). Regioselective C-22 oxidation and C-24 sulfation of the corresponding alcohols in the presence of a free C-7 alcohol make for an efficient preparation of squalamine intermediate 11.

Laser-Spectroscopic Investigation of Higher Excited Electronic States of the KAr Molecule.

Higher excited electronic states of the van der Waals molecule 39KAr have been investigated using a supersonic beam and a two-step excitation. Four hundred seventy Doppler-free lines have been observed in the second step leading to the electronic states 5d2Sigma, 5d2Pi, 5d2Delta, and 7s2Sigma. The spectroscopic parameters of rotation, of spin-orbit splitting, of spin-rotation coupling, and of lambda-type doubling have been determined for altogether 19 vibrational levels of these electronic states.

Losartan, an orally active angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonist: a review of its efficacy and safety in essential hypertension.

Losartan potassium, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is the first of a new class of agents to be introduced for the treatment of hypertension. In this review, we describe the clinical pharmacology of losartan, including its pharmacokinetics in healthy, male volunteers and special patient groups, such as the elderly, patients with liver disease and patients with renal impairment. We also review its pharmacodynamics, including safety and tolerability; specificity of action; and the effect of salt depletion.

IA induction by gut and epidermal cells of nude mice following administration of human lymphocytes.

Expression of class II molecules by epidermal cells of BALB/c nude mice following an adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from normal semisyngeneic mice has been previously observed. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether similar expression might be observed after injection of human lymphocytes and to utilize this model to determine whether there would be expression of class II molecules by mucosal and epidermal cells following administration of lymphocytes from young and old donors. In order to address this question, a group of nude mice received a single i.

Results of a low-altitude flight noise study in Germany: acute extraaural effects.

This paper begins by outlining the aims which our study into the acute effects of low-altitude flight noise set out to achieve. The key question here concerns the relationship between noise parameters (maximum sound level and sound level rise rate) and specific reactions by the individuals affected. The subjects, healthy volunteers, were exposed via earphones to digitally recorded MLAF noise, using sophisticated recording technology.

Acute circulatory effects of military low-altitude flight noise.

Volunteers aged 70 to 89 years living in a senior citizen's home in Haifa were exposed to flight noise via earphones while watching video films. Their blood pressure and heart rates were measured simultaneously. A high-quality recording and reproduction technique was employed.

Periodic and nonperiodic burst responses of frog (Rana pipiens) retinal ganglion cells.

Neural activity of class 3 retinal ganglion cells was recorded in frog optic tectum, using extracellular microelectrodes. The stimuli were rectangular patches of contrast (light-on-dark or dark-on-light), applied within the previously determined receptive fields, for periods ranging from a few milliseconds to several seconds. ON and OFF responses were recorded for as long as 1 s following stimulation.

Role of cyclic AMP protein kinase in decreased arterial cyclic AMP responsiveness in hypertension.

A decreased relaxation responsiveness to isoproterenol and forskolin is manifest in aortic smooth muscle isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) when compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Inasmuch as the effector of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is cAMP-dependent protein kinase, we sought to determine if alterations in this enzyme might be responsible for this decreased responsiveness to cAMP-increasing vasodilators. The concentration of cAMP protein kinase activity in aortic, carotid and caudal arteries (approximately 300 pmol/mg of protein per min) was similar in both WKY and SHR.