Post-retirement enlightenment syndrome: Worthy of investigation.

Post-Retirement Enlightenment Syndrome is a term used by some in illicit drug policy to reflect the experience of having politicians "come out" in favour of drug policy reform only after retirement. To date, the phenomenon has not been examined in any systematic manner. While discussions of the phenomenon on social media tend to be playful, they nevertheless express real frustration with the reluctance of privately supportive sitting politicians and policing officials to speak out in favour of non-punitive and/or harm reduction-oriented policies.

Monitoring for fentanyl within Australian supervised injecting facilities: Findings from feasibility testing of novel methods and collaborative workshops.

Background: Australia is yet to see widespread fentanyl-contaminated heroin, despite the established presence of fentanyl in other countries. International mortality trends alongside a local cluster of fentanyl-related deaths prompted interest in developing methods to monitor for fentanyl and other potentially harmful novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in Australia.

Methods: We tested novel methods to monitor for fentanyl and other NPS.

An overlooked effect: domestic violence and alcohol policies in the night-time economy.

Background And Aims: Restrictive late-night alcohol policies are aimed at reducing alcohol-related violence but, to date, no evaluations of their impact on family and domestic violence have been conducted. This study aimed to measure whether modifying the drinking environment and restricting on-site trading hours affected reported rates of family and domestic violence.

Design, Setting And Participants: This study used a non-equivalent control group design with two treatment sites and two matched control sites with pre- and postintervention data on rates of family and domestic violence assaults within local catchment areas of four late-night entertainment precincts in New South Wales, Australia, covering a population of 27 309 people.

Piloting a classification framework for the types of evidence used in alcohol policymaking.

Introduction: Most studies of alcohol policy have focussed on the role of industry. However, little is known about the evidence base used in alcohol policymaking or policymakers' actions in the field. Here, we mapped the different evidence types used in a case study to construct a classification framework of the evidence types used in alcohol policymaking.

Distinguishing personal use of drugs from drug supply: Approaches and challenges.

The ability to fairly and justly distinguish between drug possession for personal use and drug possession for supply is a central feature of drug laws across the globe. Whether such distinctions pertain to decriminalisation of simple possession, or to the penalties associated with drug offences, such differentiation remains a core problem for policymakers. In this commentary, taking 91 different jurisdictions into consideration, we identify five different approaches to distinguishing personal use from supply: four of these involved quantification of an amount of drug (whether in weight or number of doses).

Validity and Reliability of the Computer-Administered Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) Tool.

Objective: The Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM) tool measures outcomes with opioids using an established framework which includes domains such as pain, mood, opioid use disorder, alcohol use, and constipation. This study aims to validate and establish the test-retest reliability of the computer-administered ROOM tool.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional analysis of an online sample.

Validation of the OWLS, a Screening Tool for Measuring Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care.

Objective: The OWLS is a screening tool for prescription opioid use disorder designed for use in primary care. This study aimed to confirm the optimal wording, scoring methods, and cutoff for the OWLS.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional analysis of an online sample.

What predicts pharmacists' engagement with opioid-outcome screening? Secondary analysis from an implementation study in community pharmacy.

Background Pharmacists have a key role to play in identifying and responding to emerging clinical problems with prescribed opioids. A pilot study in Australia examined the implementation of screening and brief intervention (Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring [ROOM]) to identify and respond to opioid-related problems in community pharmacies. In this implementation study, the rate of screening varied considerably between pharmacies.

Routine opioid outcome monitoring in community pharmacy: Outcomes from an open-label single-arm implementation-effectiveness pilot study.

Background: In response to rising harms with prescription opioids, recent attention has focused on how to better utilise community pharmacists to monitor outcomes with opioid medicines.

Objective: This pilot aimed to test the implementation of software-facilitated Routine Opioid Outcome Monitoring (ROOM).

Methods: Community pharmacies in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia, were recruited to an open-label single-arm observational implementation-effectiveness pilot study.

Should we smoke it for you as well? An ethnographic analysis of a drug cryptomarket environment.

Introduction: Why aren't cryptomarkets more widely used? Researchers from a wide array of fields have attempted to answer this question by studying the size of drug cryptomarkets, the substances trafficked, and their structure. In this paper we address the potential acceptance of drug cryptomarkets by studying their perceived ease of use.

Methods: This paper draws on observational data collected over 350 h of unstructured observation during an ethnographic study conducted in April-September 2016 of the two most prominent drug cryptomarkets at the time, in addition to seven face-to-face semi-structured qualitative interviews.

Routine opioid outcome monitoring in community pharmacy: Pilot implementation study protocol.

Background: Increases in opioid use and related harms such as mortality are occurring in many high income countries. Community pharmacists are often in contact with patients at risk of opioid-related harm and represent an ideal point for intervention. Best practice in monitoring opioid-related outcomes involves assessing analgesia, pain functioning, mood, risks and harms associated with opioid use.