Clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with-Type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: To find clinical and immunological signatures of the SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic on children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective, observational study comparing the clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with T1D the year before and during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data extracted from the medical records included clinical and demographic parameters, COVID-19 PCR results and the presence of anti-islet, thyroid and celiac-related antibodies.

Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency: Can a Combined Arginine and Clonidine Stimulation Test Replace 2 Separate Tests?

Objective: Given the large number of false-positive growth hormone deficiency (GHD) diagnoses from a single growth hormone (GH) stimulation test in children, 2 different pharmacologic tests, performed on separate days or sequentially, are required. This study aimed to assess the reliability and safety of a combined arginine-clonidine stimulation test (CACST).

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study.