A Bayesian hierarchical model for disease mapping that accounts for scaling and heavy-tailed latent effects.

In disease mapping, the relative risk of a disease is commonly estimated across different areas within a region of interest. The number of cases in an area is often assumed to follow a Poisson distribution whose mean is decomposed as the product between an offset and the logarithm of the disease's relative risk. The log risk may be written as the sum of fixed effects and latent random effects.

Strong coupling between a photon and a hole spin in silicon.

Spins in semiconductor quantum dots constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Coupling them strongly to the photonic modes of superconducting microwave resonators would enable fast non-demolition readout and long-range, on-chip connectivity, well beyond nearest-neighbour quantum interactions. Here we demonstrate strong coupling between a microwave photon in a superconducting resonator and a hole spin in a silicon-based double quantum dot issued from a foundry-compatible metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication process.

A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon.

Semiconductor spin qubits based on spin-orbit states are responsive to electric field excitations, allowing for practical, fast and potentially scalable qubit control. Spin electric susceptibility, however, renders these qubits generally vulnerable to electrical noise, which limits their coherence time. Here we report on a spin-orbit qubit consisting of a single hole electrostatically confined in a natural silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor device.

A joint hierarchical model for the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 across the boroughs of Montreal.

As of July 2021, Montreal is the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada with highest number of deaths. We aim to investigate the spatial distribution of the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 across the boroughs of Montreal. To this end, we propose that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths in the 33 boroughs of Montreal are modelled through a bivariate hierarchical Bayesian model using Poisson distributions.

Nagaoka ferromagnetism observed in a quantum dot plaquette.

Engineered, highly controllable quantum systems are promising simulators of emergent physics beyond the simulation capabilities of classical computers. An important problem in many-body physics is itinerant magnetism, which originates purely from long-range interactions of free electrons and whose existence in real systems has been debated for decades. Here we use a quantum simulator consisting of a four-electron-site square plaquette of quantum dots to demonstrate Nagaoka ferromagnetism.

Finite-Temperature Disordered Bosons in Two Dimensions.

We study phase transitions in a two dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas in a random potential at finite temperatures. We identify superfluid, normal fluid, and insulator phases and construct the phase diagram. At T=0 one has a tricritical point where the three phases coexist.

Finite-temperature fluid-insulator transition of strongly interacting 1D disordered bosons.

We consider the many-body localization-delocalization transition for strongly interacting one-dimensional disordered bosons and construct the full picture of finite temperature behavior of this system. This picture shows two insulator-fluid transitions at any finite temperature when varying the interaction strength. At weak interactions, an increase in the interaction strength leads to insulator [Formula: see text] fluid transition, and, for large interactions, there is a reentrance to the insulator regime.

Delocalization of weakly interacting bosons in a 1D quasiperiodic potential.

We consider weakly interacting bosons in a 1D quasiperiodic potential (Aubry-Azbel-Harper model) in the regime where all single-particle states are localized. We show that the interparticle interaction may lead to the many-body delocalization and we obtain the finite-temperature phase diagram. Counterintuitively, in a wide range of parameters the delocalization requires stronger coupling as the temperature increases.

Intracavernous Alprostadil Alfadex--an effective and well tolerated treatment for erectile dysfunction. Results of a long-term European study.

Long-term efficacy and safety of Alprostadil-Alfadex (EDEX/VIRIDAL) in intracavernous self-injection therapy for chronical erectile failure was investigated in a four year running multicenter European trial. Of the 16,886 protocolled injections 93% (15,713) resulted in rigid erections followed by successful sexual intercourse. Reported side effects by patients were prolonged erections > 6 h only occurring during the first year in 1.

[Dynamic scintigraphy of the esophagus in young persons with functional algesic-dyspeptic disorders of the upper digestive tract].

The authors examined a group of 30 young people aged 19-23 years who suffered from chronic algic dyspeptic complaints of the upper type persisting for 3-36 months. The prerequisite for inclusion into the group were normal results of endoscopy, the physical finding and standard biochemical examinations. In all these patients dynamic scintigraphy of the oesophagus was made.

The mobilized omentum and muscle flaps in the treatment of infectious complications in cardiovascular surgery.

Infection in cardiovascular surgery invariably constitutes a very serious complication that cannot be controlled by antibiotics in all cases. Improved blood supply to the tissue affected by infection largely helps to control these complications. The article reports on three cases in which mobilized muscle and omental flaps helped essentially to heal infectious complications following heart transplantation, aortic valve replacement, and reconstruction of arteries of the lower limb.

Czechoslovak contribution to current concepts in impotence, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

Czechoslovak contribution to the current concepts in impotence, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, consists especially in: the recognition of the haemodynamics of erection. The process involves two stages; in the first one, the arterial bed must deliver to the corpora cavernosa (CC) threshold values of volume and pressure needed for filling and distention of the CC, in the second period, the CC function as a closed system on the hydraulic principle, and contractions of the ischiocavernous muscles increase intracavernous pressure to suprasystolic values, the observation that it is just failure of the haemodynamics of erection that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of impotence in a majority of patients. The development of artificial erection into a real functional examination of the CC enables to differentiate: disorders with normal haemodynamics of erection, those due to insufficient arterial supply, insufficient blockage of venous return, or insufficient and ineffective contractions of the ischiocavernous muscles.

Arterial disease as a cause of impotence.

The traditional views on the aetiology of impotence, attributing more than 90 per cent of all cases of impotence to psychic pathogenesis, have changed. Measurement of penile blood pressure, nocturnal penile tumescence studies (NPT) and especially new techniques of arteriographic examination of the arterial bed supplying the cavernous bodies have shown that the majority of cases have an organic basis affecting the haemodynamics of erection (limitation of arterial inflow into the cavernous bodies and/or their excessive venous drainage). Arterial disease, which is the most frequent affection in the middle-aged and elderly male population, is also largely implicated in the pathogenesis and aetiology of impotence.

Vascular surgery in the treatment of impotence; its present possibilities and prospects.

Five years ago we reported on a technique of direct arterial anastomosis with the cavernous bodies of the penis. At that time we expressed the hypothesis that in some cases impotence could be the result of organic changes in the arterial bed supplying the cavernous bodies. A histological study was therefore performed on postmortem material and a new arteriographic technique - phalloarteriography - was developed to visualize the internal pudendal artery, the penile artery and its branches.

EXternal iliac "steal syndrome".

A case of steal syndrome in the external iliac artery characterized by distinct clinical symptoms and by a reversal of blood flow in the internal iliac artery secondary to the closure of the common iliac artery, has been described. The patient reported marked decrease in sexual activity and impariment of erection in addition to intermittent claudication of the corresponding lower extremity. He was able to achieve and maintain an erection only with absolute rest.

Morphologic changes in the arterial bed of the penis with aging. Relationship to the pathogenesis of impotence.

The arterial vascular bed of the penis has been studied histologically in postmortem material from 30 males in the age range 19 to 85 years, mean 57. Fifteen of these propositi had had diabetes mellitus of average duration of 13 years. In all males more than 38 years old, there was fibrous substitution of the longitudinal smooth muscle in the Ebner pads.