Assessment of physical properties of granules with paracetamol and caffeine.

Caffeine increases the analgesic properties of acetaminophen and therefore it is reasonable to use both substances together in one drug form in stronger pain. Currently, there are no commercially available pharmaceutical combination products containing acetaminophen and caffeine, which is present as granules. The aim of the study was to obtain twelve different granules with these therapeutic substances and determine the effect of various excipients on the quality of the drug form.

Comparison of physicochemical properties of suppositories containing starch hydrolysates.

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of starch hydrolysates (SH) on the physicochemical properties of suppositories. The study was conducted with suppositories with acetaminophen (AAP) a typical antipyretic analgesic, as model drug on lipophilic (cocoa butter) and hydrophilic base (polyethylene glycol 1500 + 400). The suppositories with and without the addition of SH were examined for physicochemical tests according to European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition (Ph.

THE INFLUENCE OF EXCIPIENTS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TABLETS AND DISSOLUTION OF CAFFEINE.

Caffeine is a common component of everyday diet but also a popular ingredient of some analgesics. Before it is administered to a patient, it has to be properly prepared using appropriate procedures to get the suitable drug form with various excipients. The tablets with caffeine were obtained using a wet granulation method.

EFFECT OF STARCH HYDROLYSATES IN THE PROCESS OF DISSOLUTION OF SOLIDS.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of starch hydrolysates in the dissolution process of the substance practically insoluble in water. Progesterone and ibuprofen were chosen as model substances. The study was conducted with a constant amount of the drug (25 mg/mL) or constant amount of starch hydrolysate (50 mg/mL).

[Erythrocytes - the new application in medicine].

The new forms of drugs with better proprieties from traditional ones were sought for a long time. Erythrocytes applied as carriers of therapeutic substances are among promising. They are characterized by slower release of active substances, less toxicity, as well as better biocompatibility and biodegradation in the organism.

NMDA and AMPA receptors are involved in the antidepressant-like activity of tianeptine in the forced swim test in mice.

It is known that tianeptine exhibits antidepressant-like activity. Its influence on the glutamatergic system is also known, but the mechanisms involved in this activity remain to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the glutamate pathway in the antidepressant-like action of tianeptine.

[Cardiovascular complications of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors].

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors increase the intracellular level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate that is a potent nitric oxide dependent vasodilatation and antiproliferation agent. Unlike vardenafil and tadalafil which are prescribed in the erectile dysfunction, sildenafil is also used in a treatment of the pulmonary arterial hypertension, both congenital and acquired. The drug administration may let to various side effects such epistaxis, headache, flushing, eye problem including blurry vision, retinal hemorrhage and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

[Coffee and caffeine - enemies or alliantes of a cardiologist?].

Caffeine is a widespread known psychoactive substance that is present mainly in coffee, tea, soft and energy drinks. As a natural methylopxanthine it blocks A1 and A2 adenosine receptors and in high doses inhibits the phosphodiesterase activity. Caffeine also decreases calcium ion accumulation in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes.

Unusual interleukin-1 and -6 expression in fetal cartilage is associated with placental abnormalities.

Unusual expression of interleukin-1alpha, -1beta and -6 was previously found in the epiphyseal cartilage of rat fetuses prenatally exposed to various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID, i.e., ibuprofen, piroxicam, tolmetin) and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (DFU).

[Cyclooxygenase inhibitors in chemoprevention and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX) are a complex group of pharmacological compounds characterized by significant efficacy in chemoprevention of epithelial origin tumors, especially colorectal ones. It was found that inducible isoform of COX - COX-2 plays an important role in cancer growth and dissemination, e.g.

Influence of size and density of particles on flow properties of granules.

The patent apparatus for measurement of pouring of powders and granules, as well as enlarged version of apparatus for measurement of angle of repose were applied for examination of granules and their mixtures. Straightlinear association of flow time with diameter of particles of the fraction was revealed. The relation was described with linear equations.

Morphology and physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate.

The epiphyseal growth plate develops from the cartilaginous-orientated mesenchymal cells that express SOX family genes. This multilayer structure is formed by the proliferation and hypertrophy of cells that synthesize the extracellular matrix composed of collagen (mainly type II, IX, X, XI) and proteoglycans (aggrecan, decorin, annexin II, V and VI). The resting zone is responsible for protein synthesis and maintaining a germinal structure.

[Genetic base of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility].

The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors. The paper presents most important human data on the polymorphisms of selected genes that have been linked with higher risk of the neoplasm. The most widely studied group were genes encoded molecules engaged in biotransformations of xenobiotics, in particular potential carcinogens, like alcohol (ADH2) and aldehyde (ALDH2) dehydrogenases, various isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1, CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1).