Fermented Rapeseed Meal as a Dietary Intervention to Improve Mineral Utilization and Bone Health in Weaned Piglets.

This study examined the effects of incorporating fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) into the diet of newly weaned piglets on mineral digestibility and bone health. Experimental diets containing varying levels of FRSM (8%, 12%, 15%, and 25%) were introduced to the piglets at 18 days of age, prior to weaning at 28 days. These diets were continued until the piglets were euthanized at 42 days of age.

Comparative Analysis of Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Locomotor Elements in Three Duck Species ().

Ducks () play a crucial role in wetland ecosystems, contributing to seed dispersal and nutrient cycling. This study investigates the skeletal adaptations of three duck species: the Mallard (), Tufted Duck (), and Green-Winged Teal (). The focus is on the tibiotarsus and humerus bones to understand how these adaptations support their different locomotion and habitat preferences.

Does Chronic Pancreatitis in Growing Pigs Lead to Articular Cartilage Degradation and Alterations in Subchondral Bone?

Chronic pancreatitis (CP), a progressive inflammatory disease, poses diagnostic challenges due to its initially asymptomatic nature. While CP's impact on exocrine and endocrine functions is well-recognized, its potential influence on other body systems, particularly in young individuals, remains underexplored. This study investigates the hypothesis that CP in growing pigs leads to alterations in articular cartilage and subchondral bone, potentially contributing to osteoarthritis (OA) development.

Polysaccharide Composite Films Utilising Wood Waste.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of raw waste pine wood dust () from furniture production on polysaccharide biopolymer film properties. The obtained biocomposite films produced via the casting method were prepared with 20% glycerol and 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of added wood dust in relation to the dry starch matter. Wood dust composition and particle size distribution analysis were performed.

Surface and Structural Studies of Age-Related Changes in Dental Enamel: An Animal Model.

In the animal kingdom, continuously erupting incisors provided an attractive model for studying the enamel matrix and mineral composition of teeth during development. Enamel, the hardest mineral tissue in the vertebrates, is a tissue sensitive to external conditions, reflecting various disturbances in its structure. The developing dental enamel was monitored in a series of incisor samples extending the first four weeks of postnatal life in the spiny mouse.

Artificial Neural Networks Combined with the Principal Component Analysis for Non-Fluent Speech Recognition.

The presented paper introduces principal component analysis application for dimensionality reduction of variables describing speech signal and applicability of obtained results for the disturbed and fluent speech recognition process. A set of fluent speech signals and three speech disturbances-blocks before words starting with plosives, syllable repetitions, and sound-initial prolongations-was transformed using principal component analysis. The result was a model containing four principal components describing analysed utterances.

Physical Properties of Starch/Powdered Activated Carbon Composite Films.

In the present study, starch/powdered activated carbon composite films were prepared by incorporating various amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC)-1-5, 10, and 15 %-into a starch matrix, using the solvent casting method. The effect of PAC addition on the biopolymer film was investigated. The mechanical properties were examined by ultra-nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and micro-tensile tests.

Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Combined with Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for the Study of the Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Articular Cartilage.

The potential of Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR microspectroscopy) and multivariate analyses were applied for the classification of the frequency ranges responsible for the distribution changes of the main components of articular cartilage (AC) that occur during dietary β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation. The FTIR imaging analysis of histological AC sections originating from 35-day old male piglets showed the change in the collagen and proteoglycan contents of the HMB-supplemented group compared to the control. The relative amount of collagen content in the superficial zone increased by more than 23% and in the middle zone by about 17%, while no changes in the deep zone were observed compared to the control group.

The Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping of Starch/Kaolin Film Surfaces by Peak Force AFM.

Starch films modified with additives are materials increasingly being used in the production of packaging. These types of biopolymers can, to a considerable degree, replace plastic, contributing to the reduction in both production and waste management costs. However, they should be characterised by specific mechanical and surface parameters which determine their application.

Near-Surface Studies of the Changes to the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Enamel under the Action of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP Compound.

Changes to the features of the enamel surface submitted to induced demineralisation and subsequent remineralisation were studied. The in vitro examination was conducted on polished slices of human molar teeth, divided in four groups: the untreated control ( = 20), challenged by a demineralisation with orthophosphoric acid (HPO) ( = 20), and challenged by a demineralisation following remineralisation with fluoride (F) varnish containing casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) compounds ( = 20). The specimens' enamel surfaces were subjected to analysis of structure, molecular arrangement, mechanical features, chemical composition, and crystalline organization of apatite crystals.

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Surface Layer of Polypropylene Polymers with Talc Additions.

In the presented work the influence of different 3MgO·4SiO·HO (talc) contents in polypropylene samples on the structure, hardness, elasticity, and friction of the surface layer was investigated. The talc content ranged from 0 to 25 wt.%, and all the samples were obtained in the same conditions by the injection molding process.

The Influence of Kaolin Clay on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Thermoplastic Starch Films.

The aim of study was to investigate the influence of kaolin on the physical properties and utility of film produced from native starch. The work involved measurements of strength, structure, and thermal properties. The films were prepared by the casting method.

Surface analysis of etched enamel modified during the prenatal period.

Structural changes in the enamel surface subjected to induced demineralization and assessment of the influence of prenatal administration of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on enamel resistance were investigated. The examination was conducted on five sets of teeth from one-day-old spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus), one from the control and four from the experimental groups. Surface structure, molecular arrangement and crystalline organization of offspring's enamel both before and after etching were studied.

The effect of cadmium exposition on the structure and mechanical properties of rat incisors.

Alterations in the structure and mechanical properties of teeth in adult Wistar rats exposed to cadmium were investigated. Analyses were conducted on two sets of incisors from female and male specimens, that were intoxicated with cadmium (n = 12) or belonged to the control (n = 12). The cadmium group was administered with CdCl2 dissolved in drinking water with a dose of 4mg/kgbw for 10 weeks.

Analysis of bone osteometry, mineralization, mechanical and histomorphometrical properties of tibiotarsus in broiler chickens demonstrates a influence of dietary chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) inclusion as a primary protein source.

This study was focused on analyzing the effects of dietary inclusion of raw chickpea seed as a replacement of soybean meal as a primary protein source on bone structure in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (n = 160) received in their diet either soybean meal (SBM) or raw chickpea seeds (CPS) as a primary protein source throughout the whole rearing period (n = 80 in each group). On the 42th day randomly selected chickens from each group (n = 8) were slaughtered.

Comparison of the effect of dietary copper nanoparticles with copper (II) salt on bone geometric and structural parameters as well as material characteristics in a rat model.

Copper is required for normal functioning of all basic biochemical and physiological processes in the body. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different chemical forms (carbonate and nanoparticles) of Cu administered in feed mixtures to growing rats on bone geometric and structural parameters as well as material characteristics in a rat model. For this purpose, five experimental treatments were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of Cu applied in the diet as a mineral mixture (the standard dose of 6.

Prenatally administered HMB modifies the enamel surface roughness in spiny mice offspring: An atomic force microscopy study.

Objective: The aim of this research was to check the effect of the prenatally administered β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the development of enamel surface of the spiny mice offspring.

Design: The spiny mice dams were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (not supplemented with HMB) and two experimental groups in which powdered HMB was given at the daily dosage of 0.2g/kg of body weight (group I) and 0.