VANGL2 regulates luminal epithelial organization and cell turnover in the mammary gland.

The VANGL family of planar cell polarity proteins is implicated in breast cancer however its function in mammary gland biology is unknown. Here, we utilized a panel of Vang1 and Vangl2 mouse alleles to examine the requirement of VANGL family members in the murine mammary gland. We show that Vang1CKO glands display normal branching while Vangl2 and Vangl2 tissue exhibit several phenotypes.

Regulation of cellular and PCP signalling by the Scribble polarity module.

Since the first identification of the Scribble polarity module proteins as a new class of tumour suppressors that regulate both cell polarity and proliferation, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered a broader role for Scribble, Dlg and Lgl in the control of fundamental cellular functions and their signalling pathways. Here, we review these findings as well as discuss more specifically the role of the Scribble module in PCP signalling.

Macrophage precursor cells from the left atrial appendage of the heart spontaneously reprogram into a C-kit+/CD45- stem cell-like phenotype.

Background: The developmental origin of the c-kit expressing progenitor cell pool in the adult heart has remained elusive. Recently, it has been discovered that the injured heart is enriched with c-kit(+) cells, which also express the hematopoietic marker CD45.

Methods And Results: In this study, we characterize the phenotype and transcriptome of the c-kit+/CD45+/CD11b+/Flk-1+/Sca-1±(B-type) cell population, originating from the left atrial appendage.

Endothelial cells regulate neural crest and second heart field morphogenesis.

Cardiac and craniofacial developmental programs are intricately linked during early embryogenesis, which is also reflected by a high frequency of birth defects affecting both regions. The molecular nature of the crosstalk between mesoderm and neural crest progenitors and the involvement of endothelial cells within the cardio-craniofacial field are largely unclear. Here we show in the mouse that genetic ablation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk1) in the mesoderm results in early embryonic lethality, severe deformation of the cardio-craniofacial field, lack of endothelial cells and a poorly formed vascular system.

The heart endocardium is derived from vascular endothelial progenitors.

The embryonic heart is composed of two cell layers: the myocardium, which contributes to cardiac muscle tissue, and the endocardium, which covers the inner lumen of the heart. Whereas significant progress has been made toward elucidating the embryonic origins of the myocardium, the origins of the endocardium remain unclear. Here, we have identified an endocardium-forming field medial to the cardiac crescent, in a continuum with the endothelial plexus.