Symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains originating from the subpolar and temperate climate regions.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a forage legume cultivated worldwide. This plant is capable of establishing a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii strains.

Pantoea trifolii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Trifolium rubens root nodules.

A novel bacterium, designated strain MMK2, was isolated from a surface-sterilised root nodule of a Trifolium rubens plant growing in south-eastern Poland. Cells were Gram negative, non-spore forming and rod shaped. The strain had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with P.

Genetic diversity of microsymbionts nodulating Trifolium pratense in subpolar and temperate climate regions.

Rhizobia are soil-borne bacteria forming symbiotic associations with legumes and fixing atmospheric dinitrogen. The nitrogen-fixation potential depends on the type of host plants and microsymbionts as well as environmental factors that affect the distribution of rhizobia. In this study, we compared genetic diversity of bacteria isolated from root nodules of Trifolium pratense grown in two geographical regions (Tromsø, Norway and Lublin, Poland) located in distinct climatic (subpolar and temperate) zones.

Contamination of the urban environment with excrements of companion animals as an underestimated source of Staphylococcus species posing a threat to public health.

The aim of the study was to assess the incidence, resistance, virulence, and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. residing in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats, as a group of animals causing potential contamination of the urban space. A high percentage of strains resistant to penicillin (58%), oxacillin (9%) and tetracycline (60%) were found.

Putative novel Bradyrhizobium and Phyllobacterium species isolated from root nodules of Chamaecytisus ruthenicus.

In this study, the diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of bacteria isolated from root nodules of Chamaecytisus ruthenicus growing in Poland were investigated using ERIC-PCR fingerprinting and by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Two major clusters comprising 13 and 3 isolates were detected which 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified as Bradyrhizobium and Phyllobacterium. The results of phylogenetic analysis of individual and concatenated atpD, gyrB and recA gene sequences showed that the studied strains may represent novel species in the genera Bradyrhizobium and Phyllobacterium.

Root nodules of Genista germanica harbor Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium bacteria exchanging nodC and nodZ genes.

A collection of 18 previously unstudied strains isolated from root nodules of Genista germanica (German greenweed) grown in southeast Poland was evaluated for the level of genetic diversity using the BOX-PCR technique and the phylogenetic relationship based on both core (16S rRNA, dnaK, ftsA, glnII, gyrB, recA, rpoB) and nodulation (nodC and nodZ) gene sequences. Each of the 18 G. germanica root nodule isolates displayed unique BOX-PCR patterns, indicating their high level of genomic heterogeneity.

The ftsA gene as a molecular marker for phylogenetic studies in Bradyrhizobium and identification of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

The use of ftsA gene sequences for taxonomic studies of the genus Bradyrhizobium bacteria was assessed. The ftsA gene codes for an actin-like protein involved in prokaryotic cell division. Up to now, this gene has not been used as a phylogenetic marker for analysis of bacteria establishing root nodule symbiosis with Fabaceae plants.

Molecular phylogeny of Bradyrhizobium bacteria isolated from root nodules of tribe Genisteae plants growing in southeast Poland.

The phylogeny of 16 isolates from root nodules of Genista germanica, Genista tinctoria, Cytisus ratisbonensis, and Cytisus scoparius growing in southeast Poland was estimated by comparative sequence analysis of core (16S rDNA, atpD, glnII, recA) and symbiosis-related (nodC, nodZ, nifH) genes. All the sequences analyzed placed the studied rhizobia in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Phylogenetic analysis of individual and concatenated housekeeping genes showed that the Genisteae microsymbionts form a homogeneous group with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains.

Host-dependent symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains isolated from nodules of Trifolium rubens.

Trifolium rubens L., commonly known as the red feather clover, is capable of symbiotic interactions with rhizobia. Up to now, no specific symbionts of T.

Diversity and plant growth promoting properties of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Ononis arvensis.

This is the first report describing isolates from root nodules of Ononis arvensis (field restharrow). The aim of this investigation was to describe the diversity, phylogeny, and plant growth promoting features of microsymbionts of O. arvensis, i.

Fluorine-free electrolytes for all-solid sodium-ion batteries based on percyano-substituted organic salts.

A new family of fluorine-free solid-polymer electrolytes, for use in sodium-ion battery applications, is presented. Three novel sodium salts withdiffuse negative charges: sodium pentacyanopropenide (NaPCPI), sodium 2,3,4,5-tetracyanopirolate (NaTCP) and sodium 2,4,5-tricyanoimidazolate (NaTIM) were designed andtested in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix as polymer electrolytes for anall-solid sodium-ion battery. Due to unique, non-covalent structural configurations of anions, improved ionic conductivities were observed.

Multilocus sequence analysis supports the taxonomic position of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts based on DNA-DNA hybridization.

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship and taxonomic status of six strains, representing different phenons and genomic groups of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts, originating from Poland, were established by comparative analysis of five concatenated housekeeping gene sequences (atpD, dnaK, glnA, recA and rpoB), DNA-DNA hybridization and total DNA G+C content. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of combined atpD, dnaK, glnA, recA and rpoB sequence data placed the studied bacteria into the clade comprising the genus Mesorhizobium. In the core gene phylograms, four A.

Phylogeny of Symbiotic Genes and the Symbiotic Properties of Rhizobia Specific to Astragalus glycyphyllos L.

The phylogeny of symbiotic genes of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. (liquorice milkvetch) nodule isolates was studied by comparative sequence analysis of nodA, nodC, nodH and nifH loci. In all these genes phylograms, liquorice milkvetch rhizobia (closely related to bacteria of three species, i.

Insight into the genomic diversity and relationship of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts by RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP fingerprinting.

We assessed the genomic diversity and genomic relationship of 28 Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts by three methodologies based on PCR reaction, i.e., RAPD, ERIC-PCR, and AFLP.

Phenotypic characterization of Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts and their phylogeny based on the 16S rDNA sequences and RFLP of 16S rRNA gene.

In this study, the nitrogen fixing Astragalus glycyphyllos symbionts were characterized by phenotypic properties, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and sequences of 16S rDNA. The generation time of A. glycyphyllos rhizobia in yeast extract mannitol medium was in the range 4-6 h.

Isolation of cultivable microorganisms from Polish notes and coins.

The potential role of currency in the spread of pathogenic microflora has been evaluated in many countries. In this study Polish paper notes and the coins in general circulation were assayed for the presence of cultivable bacteria and fungi. Bacterial isolates identification was based on cultural and biochemical characters and by comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence.

Protein profiles from intact cells as a tool in Bifidobacterium characteristics.

In this study sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles were analysed and differences were confirmed by a unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis between bifidobacterial species, such as B. infanis ATCC1567, B. bifidum Bb-12, B.

Phylogenetic diversity of rhizobia associated with horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] grown in South India based on glnII, recA and 16S-23S intergenic sequence analyses.

Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an important grain legume and fodder crop in India.

Genista tinctoria microsymbionts from Poland are new members of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bv. genistearum.

The phylogeny and taxonomic position of slow-growing Genista tinctoria rhizobia from Poland, Ukraine and England were estimated by comparative 16S rDNA, atpD, and dnaK sequence analyses, PCR-RFLP of 16S rDNA, DNA G+C content, and DNA-DNA hybridization. Each core gene studied placed the G. tinctoria rhizobia in the genus Bradyrhizobium cluster with unequivocal bootstrap support.

Insight into the evolutionary history of symbiotic genes of Robinia pseudoacacia rhizobia deriving from Poland and Japan.

The phylogeny of symbiotic genes of Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) rhizobia derived from Poland and Japan was studied by comparative sequence analysis of nodA, nodC, nodH, and nifH loci. In phylogenetic trees, black locust symbionts formed a branch of their own suggesting that the spread and maintenance of symbiotic genes within Robinia pseudoacacia rhizobia occurred through vertical transmission. There was 99-100% sequence similarity for nodA genes of Robinia pseudoacacia nodulators, 97-98% for nodC, and 97-100% for nodH and nifH loci.

New taxonomic markers for identification of Rhizobium leguminosarum and discrimination between closely related species.

Rhizobia, producing species-specific exopolysaccharides (EPSs), comprise a very diverse group of soil bacteria that are able to establish nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes. Based on the sequences of R. leguminosarum EPS synthesis genes, a sensitive and reliable PCR-based method for identification and subsequent discrimination between Rhizobium species has been developed and tested.

Application of the AFLP method to differentiate Genista tinctoria microsymbionts.

The high-resolution amplified fragment length polymorphism technique (AFLP), with single PstI restriction endonuclease and two selective primers (PstI-G and PstI-GC), was used for genomotyping and study of the genomic relationships between Genista tinctoria microsymbionts sampled in England, Poland, and Ukraine. Out of 906 amplification products obtained with both selective primers, 537 markers were polymorphic and could be used to differentiate studied nodule isolates. Cluster analysis, based on AFLP patterns from PCR reaction with PstI-G and PstI-GC primers, separated Genista tinctoria rhizobia into three subgroups according to their geographic origin.

Phylogeny of nodulation genes and symbiotic properties of Genista tinctoria bradyrhizobia.

Pairwise comparisons of Genista tinctoria (dyer's weed) rhizobium nodA, nodC, and nodZ gene sequences to those available in databanks revealed their highest sequence identities to nodulation loci of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) strains and rhizobia from other genistoid legumes. On phylogenetic trees, genistoid microsymbionts were grouped together in monophyletic clusters, which suggested that their nodulation genes evolved from a common ancestor.

Analysis of genetic relationship of Sarothamnus scoparius microsymbionts and Bradyrhizobium sp. by hybridization in microdilution wells.

DNA-DNA hybridization in microdilution wells was successfully used to determine the overall genomic similarity among Sarothamnus scoparius microsymbionts isolated from Poland and Japan and representatives of Bradyrhizobium species including Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) USDA3045. Geographically different S.

Phenotypic and genomic characteristics of rhizobia isolated from Genista tinctoria root nodules.

Forty three rhizobial strains isolated from root nodules of Genista tinctoria growing in England, Ukraine, and Poland were compared with 21 representatives of the recognized rhizobial species and two unclassified Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) strains by performing a numerical analysis of 102 phenotypic features and with the reference bradyrhizobia by simplified AFLP analysis with one restriction enzyme PstI and one selective primer PstI-A. All Genista tinctoria microsymbionts were slow-growing bradyrhizobia with generation time of 10-14 h, acid tolerant, salt sensitive, and antibiotic resistant.