Next-Generation Sequencing to Determine Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Juvenile Sturgeon Hybrid (♀ × ♂) Resulting from Sodium Butyrate, Β-Glucan and Vitamin Supplementation.

Background/objectives: The effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), β-glucan (βG) and vitamins in the diet on gut microbiome, cortisol level, lysozyme activity and growth parameters of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (♀ × ♂) was determined.

Methods: Sturgeon hybrids ( = 144) were divided into three groups with enriched feeding (mg/kg of feed): FQV1 (50 NaB; 20 βG; const. vitamins), FQV2 (150 NaB; 20 βG; const.

Water Dynamics in Fish Collagen Gels-Insight from NMR Relaxometry.

H spin-lattice relaxation experiments have been performed for gels based on fish collagen in order to analyze water dynamics. The covered frequency range ranges from 10 kHz to 10 MHz; in some cases, the temperature has varied as well. The relaxation data have been reproduced in terms of two models of water motion-a model including two relaxation contributions associated with the diffusion of water molecules on the macromolecular surfaces and a second model being just a phenomenological power law.

Artificial reproduction of the indoor-cultured brackish form of maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) under recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) conditions.

Maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) is a promising coldwater aquaculture species, especially in terms of meat quality. This versatile whitefish species, which inhabits both fresh and brackish waters, including the Baltic Sea, offers promising prospects for aquaculture breeding and cultivation. However, the main problem is the lack of availability of spawners of this species.

Cyclopenta[c]phenanthrenes--chemistry and biological activity.

Despite cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) having been detected in the environment, the ability of these compounds to induce cellular and tissue responses remains poorly characterized. In this review, we look at the chemistry and biological activity of the cyclopenta[c]phenanthrenes (CP[c]Phs) as potential chemicals of concern in the process of risk assessment. The first part of the review deals with the environmental occurrence and chemistry of CP-PAHs, focusing on available methods of CP[c]Ph chemical synthesis.

CYP1A expression in liver and gills of roach (Rutilus rutilus) after waterborne exposure to two phenanthrene derivatives, 1-methylphenanthrene and 4-methylphenanthrene.

Phenanthrenes (Phs) substituted with alkyl groups are a class of compound present in the environment, and they appear to be toxic to developing fish. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of waterborne exposure to two monomethyl derivatives of phenanthrene, 1-methylphenanthrene (1M-Ph) and 4-methylphenanthrene (4M-Ph), on cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression in fish gills and liver. Juvenile common roaches (Rutilus rutilus) were exposed to water with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions of 1M-Ph, 4M-Ph, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; positive control), each at a dose of 100 µg/L, or to water with DMSO alone (negative control group) for 2 d and 7 d.

Differential gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and ovary after exposure to zearalenone.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin of worldwide occurrence, and it has been shown to produce numerous adverse effects in both laboratory and domestic animals. However, regardless of recent achievements, the molecular mechanisms underlying ZEA toxicity remain elusive, and little is known about transcriptome changes of fish cells in response to ZEA occurrence. In the present study, differential display PCR was used to generate a unique cDNA fingerprint of differentially expressed transcripts in the liver and ovary of juvenile rainbow trout after either 24, 72, or 168 h of intraperitoneal exposure to ZEA (10 mg/kg of body mass).

CYP1A expression in liver and gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after short-term exposure to dibenzothiophene (DBT).

Dibenzothiophene (DBT), a common component of crude oil, is a widespread environmental pollutant of known adverse effects to aquatic vertebrates. However, the molecular mechanism by which DBT exerts its effects still remains unknown. Our goal for this study was to examine DBT effects on CYP1A expression in liver and gills of rainbow trout after short-term exposure.

Microcystin-LR induced apoptosis and mRNA expression of p53 and cdkn1a in liver of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.).

There is growing evidence that adverse effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are closely related to oxidative stress processes, free radicals and DNA damage, and involve major gene transcript changes. This study, utilizing gene expression analysis and plasma chemistries was the first to measure the effects of MC-LR in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.), a feasible organism for pollution monitoring in aquatic systems.

Effects of cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene and its derivatives on zona radiata protein, ERalpha, and CYP1A mRNA expression in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum).

Despite cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) have been detected in the environment, the ability of CP-PAH to induce cellular and tissue responses remains poorly characterized. In this study, xenoestrogen-associated responses (mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha, ERalpha, and zona radiata protein, Zrp) and xenobiotic effects (CYP1A mRNA) have been investigated in liver of juvenile rainbow trout after short-term treatment (8 and 24 h) with following compounds administered singly: cyclopenta[c]phenanthrene (CP[c]Ph); its derivatives, 5A-CP[c]Ph; 5A6M-CP[c]Ph; 5A9M-CP[c]Ph; B[c]Ph, a structurally similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; B[a]P, a model CYP1A inducer; and zearalenone (ZEA), naturally occurring ligand for ER. The CYP1A mRNA expression after 24 h of exposure with CP[c]Ph or its derivatives, except 5A9M-CP[c]Ph, was 3-9-fold higher compared to controls (P<0.