Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) in Pasteurellaceae Species and Their Detection by Multiplex PCR.

Strains of the Pasteurellaceae bacteria and are major etiological agents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Treatment of BRD with antimicrobials is becoming more challenging due to the increasing occurrence of resistance in infecting strains. In Pasteurellaceae strains exhibiting resistance to multiple antimicrobials including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides and sulfonamides, the resistance determinants are often chromosomally encoded within integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).