Exclusive or partial breastfeeding and estimated protein intake in infancy: Associations with childhood growth and body composition at 7 years of age in the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Protein intake in infancy influences infant growth, body composition, and possibly metabolic programming later in life. Our objectives were to investigate whether macronutrient content in mother's own milk (MOM) differed between exclusive (EBF) or partial breastfeeding (PBF), including an estimation of protein intake (ePI) during the first 6 months of life. Second, to investigate associations of feeding type and ePI with childhood growth and body composition at 7 years.

Detecting clinical medication errors with AI enabled wearable cameras.

Drug-related errors are a leading cause of preventable patient harm in the clinical setting. We present the first wearable camera system to automatically detect potential errors, prior to medication delivery. We demonstrate that using deep learning algorithms, our system can detect and classify drug labels on syringes and vials in drug preparation events recorded in real-world operating rooms.

Correlates of Body Composition in Children with Stunting: A Cross-sectional Study in Uganda.

Background: Development of body composition (BC) may be disrupted in children with stunting. Such disruption may affect the later risk of excess adiposity and metabolic health, yet few studies have investigated correlates of BC in children with stunting.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate nutritional status, infection and inflammation, breastfeeding behaviors, and other factors as correlates of BC in children with stunting.

Evolution of a laboratory mechanomyograph.

Mechanomyography is currently the accepted laboratory reference standard for quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring. Mechanomyographs are not commercially available. Previously, a mechanomyograph was built by our laboratory and used in several clinical studies.

Accuracy and Precision of Three Acceleromyographs, Three Electromyographs, and a Mechanomyograph Measuring the Train-of-four Ratio in the Absence of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs.

Background: The accuracy and precision of currently available, widely used acceleromyograph and electromyograph neuromuscular blockade monitors have not been well studied. In addition, the normalization of the train-of-four ratio from acceleromyography (train-of-four ratio [T4/T1] divided by the baseline train-of-four ratio) has not been validated in comparison to mechanomyography.

Methods: Enrolled patients had surgery under general anesthesia with a supraglottic airway and without any neuromuscular blocking drugs.

Effect of lipid-based nutrient supplements on micronutrient status and hemoglobin among children with stunting: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Uganda.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia are widespread among children with stunting.

Objectives: We assessed the effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) containing milk protein (MP) and/or whey permeate (WP) on micronutrient status and hemoglobin (Hb) among children with stunting.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Correlates of Plasma Citrulline, a Potential Marker of Enterocyte Mass, among Children with Stunting: A Cross-Sectional Study in Uganda.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is associated with stunting. Citrulline, produced in mature enterocytes, may be a valuable biomarker of small intestinal enterocyte mass in the context of EED.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the correlates of plasma citrulline (p-cit) in children with stunting.

The Associations of Breastfeeding Status at 6 Months with Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Markers at 5 Years in the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition Birth Cohort.

(1) Background: Breastfeeding (BF) has been shown to lower the risk of overweight and cardiometabolic disease later in life. However, evidence from low-income settings remains sparse. We examined the associations of BF status at 6 months with anthropometry, body composition (BC), and cardiometabolic markers at 5 years in Ethiopian children.

Comparative performance of stimpod electromyography with mechanomyography for quantitative neuromuscular blockade monitoring.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the Stimpod electromyograph neuromuscular blockade monitor to mechanomyography, which is widely considered to be the reference standard.

Methods: The Stimpod electromyograph was used with its designated electrode array on the same hand as the mechanomyograph. Pairs of train-of-four measurements were recorded every 0.

Maternal inflammatory, lipid and metabolic markers and associations with birth and breastfeeding outcomes.

Background: Conditions influence intrauterine and postnatal infant growth and a few studies indicate that maternal inflammation and insulin resistance might affect birth and breastfeeding outcomes. Furthermore, hormones in human milk (HM) may influence infant appetite-regulation and thereby milk intake, but the associations are less understood.

Objective: (1) To investigate associations between maternal inflammatory, lipid and metabolic markers and birth and breastfeeding outcomes, and (2) to assess predictors of maternal inflammatory, lipid and metabolic markers in pregnancy.

Effect of maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation on socioemotional wellbeing and physical activity in 13-year-old children: A randomized clinical trial.

Early dietary long-chain n-3PUFA (n-3LCPUFA) may affect brain development. We investigated if fish oil supplementation of lactating mothers affected socioemotional wellbeing in adolescents in a potentially gender-specific manner. At age 13, we invited 92 children of mothers who completed a randomized trial with 1.

Effect of Milk Protein and Whey Permeate in Large-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement on Early Child Development among Children with Stunting: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial in Uganda.

Stunting affects 22% children globally, putting them at risk of adverse outcomes including delayed development. We investigated the effect of milk protein (MP) vs. soy and whey permeate (WP) vs.

Effect of milk protein and whey permeate in large quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement on linear growth and body composition among stunted children: A randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial in Uganda.

Background: Despite possible benefits for growth, milk is costly to include in foods for undernourished children. Furthermore, the relative effects of different milk components, milk protein (MP), and whey permeate (WP) are unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of MP and WP in lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS), and of LNS itself, on linear growth and body composition among stunted children.

A Low-power wearable acoustic device for accurate invasive arterial pressure monitoring.

Background: Millions of catheters for invasive arterial pressure monitoring are placed annually in intensive care units, emergency rooms, and operating rooms to guide medical treatment decision-making. Accurate assessment of arterial blood pressure requires an IV pole-attached pressure transducer placed at the same height as a reference point on the patient's body, typically, the heart. Every time a patient moves, or the bed is adjusted, a nurse or physician must adjust the height of the pressure transducer.

Comparison of a Modern Digital Mechanomyograph to a Mechanomyograph Utilizing an Archival Grass Force Transducer.

Background: Mechanomyography is the traditional gold standard research technique for quantitative assessment of neuromuscular blockade. Mechanomyography directly measures the isometric force generated by the thumb in response to ulnar nerve stimulation. Researchers must construct their own mechanomyographs since commercial instruments are no longer available.

A Dose-finding Study of Sugammadex for Reversal of Rocuronium in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Postoperative Monitoring for Recurrent Paralysis.

Background: The dose of sugammadex recommended by the manufacturer for reversal of rocuronium is 2 mg/kg when the train-of-four count is 2 or more and 4 mg/kg when it is less than 2 but there is a posttetanic count of at least 1. The purpose of this dose-finding study was to titrate sugammadex to produce a train-of-four ratio 0.9 or greater at the conclusion of cardiac surgery, and to continue monitoring neuromuscular blockade in the intensive care unit to identify recurrent paralysis.

Early Nutrition and Its Effect on Growth, Body Composition, and Later Obesity.

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Effects of Online Distance Learning on Violence Risk Knowledge and Competencies.

Behavioral health professionals are charged with providing effective outpatient services while addressing patient and public safety, yet training in empirically-informed violence risk assessment strategies remains inaccessible. The authors developed and evaluated an online distance learning (ODL) course on clinical risk assessment targeting frontline providers and trainees in the United States. The ODL consisted of three modules: confidentiality, duty to third parties, and clinical assessment of violence risk.

Associations between Stunting, Wasting and Body Composition: A Longitudinal Study in 6- to 15-Month-Old Kenyan Children.

Background: Early growth and body composition may influence the risk of obesity and health in adulthood. Few studies have examined how undernutrition is associated with body composition in early life.

Objectives: We assessed stunting and wasting as correlates of body composition in young Kenyan children.