Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy Versus Radiation Therapy for cT3N0M0 Glottic SCC: Outcomes in Candidates for Total Laryngectomy Responding Well to Induction Chemotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate whether supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) may be a viable alternative to radiation therapy (RT) for patients with glottic cT3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who are surgical candidates for total laryngectomy (TL) and respond well to platinum-based induction chemotherapy.

Methods: Retrospective case series review of 18 consecutive patients with cT3N0M0 glottic SCC, initially considered surgical candidates only for TL who showed a good response to platinum-based induction chemotherapy, managed at a French university teaching institution with either SCPL (n = 9) or RT (n = 9). The main endpoints were 10-year local control and laryngeal preservation.

Assessing robotic-assisted procedures in pediatric otolaryngology: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly used in pediatric otolaryngology, offering potential benefits like improved cosmetic outcomes. However, challenges such as longer operative times, higher costs, and a steep learning curve remain.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis assess whether robotic-assisted surgery offers advantages in operative time, complication rates, hospital stay, and cosmetic outcomes compared to traditional methods in pediatric patients.

Timeline and outcomes of viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a large database analysis.

Objectives: This large database analysis aims to describe the incidence, timeline, and risk factors for viral and fungal infections after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Methods: We queried a global research network database, TriNetX, for patients who received CAR T-cell therapy, who were identified and followed for the development of viral and fungal infections. Baseline demographic, oncologic history, laboratory data and medication histories were collected.

Formal Parental Leave Policies and Trainee Well-Being in US Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review.

Variability in parental leave policies across graduate medical education (GME) programs in the United States complicates efforts to support resident wellness and identify best practices for resident well-being. This review aims to assess how formal parental leave policies affect trainees' well-being, professional satisfaction, and performance during training. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines was conducted and registered on PROSPERO in May 2023.

Traumatic Vocal Fold Paralysis from Fishbone Foreign Body: Diagnosis and Management.

Fish bone foreign bodies (FFBs) are relatively common but can present diagnostic challenges. Herein, we report a case of a 43-year-old female who initially presented to the Emergency Department with fever and throat discomfort after a choking incident, which led to a misdiagnosis of a viral infection after negative chest X-ray findings. Persistent symptoms, including new-onset vocal cord paralysis, prompted further investigation and an otolaryngology - head and neck surgery referral one month later.

Attitudes of Surgical Trainees and Faculty Towards Parental Leave During Surgical Training.

Objective: Our aim was to better understand attitudes towards parental leave from the perspective of both surgeon faculty and current surgical trainees. We hypothesized that support for trainees to take parental leave would vary by year of residency graduation and by parental status.

Design: We conducted a web-based survey regarding opinions on trainee parental leave.

Brain Abscesses in the Tropics.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to elucidate the etiologies of brain abscesses in the tropics. Despite the similarities in causes of brain abscesses across global regions, tropical settings manifest distinguishing characteristics, prominently observed on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Recent Findings: In tropical climates, the leading conditions predisposing individuals to brain abscesses are polymicrobial bacterial infections originating from paranasal sinuses, dental sources, and otitis media.

Interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) for re-irradiation of recurrent head and neck malignancies: oncologic outcomes and morbidity.

Objective: Management of recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) is challenging. One option in previously irradiated patients is re-irradiation using interventional radiotherapy (IRT), the modern form of brachytherapy. Re-irradiation using IRT can be delivered as an exclusive strategy for salvage or through a postoperative or perioperative approach after salvage surgery.

Transforming Perceptions: The Impact of a Formal Parental Leave Policy on Surgical Trainees.

Objective: Surgical trainees who welcome a new child during residency often face challenges related to appropriate parental leave. To address this, we instituted a comprehensive family medical leave policy within our training program and assessed resident perceptions before and after the policy's introduction. We hypothesized that this new formal policy would enhance feelings of support amongst all (not just childbearing) trainees.

Access to Urogynecologic Care in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A Mystery Caller Study.

Importance: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) play an important role in providing care to underserved populations. However, little is known about the availability of urogynecology services at FQHCs.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the availability of appointments for urogynecology care and to determine the prevalence of FQHCs offering urogynecologic services.

Insurance Status and Access to Otolaryngology Care: National Mystery Caller Study in the United States.

Objective: To investigate potential differences in new patient appointment wait times for otolaryngology care based on insurance types and explore factors influencing these wait times.

Study Design: A cross-sectional audit study, using a "mystery caller" approach, analyzed with a linear mixed Poisson model to adjust for confounding factors.

Setting: A total of 612 physicians across 49 states and the District of Columbia, representing 6 otolaryngology subspecialties, were included.

Glucocorticoids as a risk factor for infection and adverse outcomes in non-HIV and non-transplant patients with cryptococcal meningitis.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), an opportunistic fungal infection affecting immunocompromised hosts, leads to high mortality. The role of previous exposure to glucocorticoids as a risk factor and as an outcome modulator has been observed, but systematic studies are lacking.

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of glucocorticoid use on the clinical outcomes, specifically mortality, of non-HIV and non-transplant (NHNT) patients diagnosed with CM.

Management of nasal vestibule carcinomas: recommendations by the Oncological Committee of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule (NV SCC) is a head and neck malignancy for which there is no established consensus on most aspects of clinical management. The purpose of this document is to give updated recommendations that incorporate recent evidence on its clinical characteristics and the high efficacy of brachytherapy as primary treatment modality.

Methods: A working group consisting of the members of the Scientific Committee for Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and radiation oncologists expert in brachytherapy was formed to achieve a consensus.

The Impact of Tracheal Stenosis on Distal Airway Pressure with Jet Ventilation.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of tracheal stenosis on distal airway pressure during low-frequency jet ventilation (LFJV) in tracheal stenosis resection procedures, focusing on variables like stenosis size, depth, scope type, and inlet pressure.

Methods: A 3D-printed human airway model was employed, featuring inserted tracheal stenoses of varied sizes and depths. Distal airway pressure was measured with 16 pressure transducers, and data were processed via MATLAB.

Mitigating Infectious Complications of Injection Pharyngoplasty with Calcium Hydroxyapatite for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Retropharyngeal Abscess and Osteomyelitis.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a complex condition with various treatment options. In this case, a patient with a cleft palate who was treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with calcium hydroxyapatite injection pharyngoplasty developed persistent cervical pain on postoperative day 6. CT imaging showed a hypodense structure in the right retropharyngeal tissue, and cultures tested positive for and .

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis real-world outcomes: Clinical features and risk factors associated with increased mortality.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised patients and is associated with high mortality. Contemporary clinical characteristics of IPA and "real-world" estimates and predictors of associated mortality are inadequate. TriNetX, a global research network, was queried to identify adult patients with IPA diagnoses based on the ICD-10 code B44.

Clinical spectrum of infections: The SAPHO syndrome.

Cutibacterium acnes, previously known as Proprionobacterium, is a commensal Grampositive bacterium of the skin commonly implicated in prosthetic joint infections. However, it has been documented to play a role in other conditions, including SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), a rare autoinflammatory disorder. Diagnosing SAPHO syndrome is cumbersome, as the clinical manifestations are variable and overlap with many inflammatory joint disorders.

Cadaveric emergency cricothyrotomy training for non-surgeons using a bronchoscopy-enhanced curriculum.

Background: Emergency cricothyrotomy training for non-surgeons is important as rare "cannot intubate or oxygenate events" may occur multiple times in a provider's career when surgical expertise is not immediately available. However, such training is highly variable and often infrequent, therefore, enhancing these experiences is important.

Research Question: Is bronchoscopy-enhanced cricothyrotomy training in cadavers feasible, and what are the potential benefits provided by this innovation for trainees?

Methods: This study was performed during implementation of a new program to train non-surgeon providers on cadaveric donors on our campus.

Medicaid coverage and access to obstetrics and gynecology subspecialists: findings from a national mystery caller study in the United States.

Background: Previous research suggests that access to healthcare may influence the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrical and gynecologic pathologies. Audit studies, a single-blinded and patient-centered design, have been employed to measure access to care for health services. To date, no study has assessed the dimensions of access to obstetrics and gynecologic subspecialty care based on insurance type (Medicaid vs commercial).

U.S. bound journey of migrant peoples InTransit across Dante's Inferno and Purgatory in the Americas.

Rapid rise of population migration is a defining feature of the 21st century due to the impact of climate change, political instability, and socioeconomic downturn. Over the last decade, an increasing number of migrant peoples travel across the Americas to reach the United States seeking asylum or cross the border undocumented in search of economic opportunities. In this journey, migrant people experience violations of their human rights, hunger, illness, violence and have limited access to medical care.