Towards understanding the liver fluke transmission dynamics on farms: Detection of liver fluke transmitting snail and liver fluke-specific environmental DNA in water samples from an irrigated dairy farm in Southeast Australia.

Livestock production around the world is impacted by liver fluke (Fasciola spp.) infection resulting in serious economic losses to the beef, dairy and sheep industries with significant losses of about $90 million per annum in Australia. Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the most effective anthelmintic treatment available to control liver fluke infections; however, the widespread emergence of TCBZ resistance in livestock threatens liver fluke control.