Morbidity among resettled refugees at arrival in Ontario, Canada (1994-2017): a controlled interrupted time series study examining the effect of the Immigration Refugee Protection Act, 2002.

Background: Immigration inadmissibility on medical grounds is common among high-income countries. In Canada, the Immigrant and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) became law in 2002. With humanitarian protection as a priority, IRPA removed medical inadmissibility based on exceeding a cost threshold for the projected use of health and social services for resettled refugees.

A nurturing and caring environment to facilitate nursing students' professional development in Rwanda: a focused ethnographic study.

Objectives: To explore the values, practices, and behaviours that support nursing students' professional development in practice-based learning environments in Rwanda.

Methods: A focused ethnographic approach was used. Nursing students (n=12), nurses (n=11), clinical instructors (n=7) and nurse leaders (n=8) from three teaching hospitals and an educational program participated in the study.

Primary health care utilization in the first year after arrival by refugee sponsorship model in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Canada's approach to refugee resettlement includes government sponsorship, a pioneering private sponsorship model and a third blended approach. Refugees are selected and supported differently in each approach including healthcare navigation. Little is known about how well private sponsors facilitate primary care navigation and whether this changed during the large-scale 2015 Syrian resettlement initiative characterized by civic and healthcare systems engagement.

Access to Virtual Mental Healthcare and Support for Refugee and Immigrant Groups: A Scoping Review.

Immigrant and refugee populations face multiple barriers to accessing mental health services. This scoping review applies the (Levesque et al. in Int J Equity Health 12:18, 2013) Patient-Centred Access to Healthcare model in exploring the potential of increased access through virtual mental healthcare services VMHS for these populations by examining the affordability, availability/accommodation, and appropriateness and acceptability of virtual mental health interventions and assessments.

South Asian youth mental health in Peel Region, Canada: Service provider perspectives.

The Peel Region of Toronto, Canada is home to over a third of the province's South Asian population. Youth are at a vulnerable time period in terms of their mental health. South Asian youth populations may face additional challenges to their mental health such as acculturative stress, intergenerational conflict, and racism and discrimination.

Assessing Virtual Mental Health Access for Refugees during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Levesque Client-Centered Framework: What Have We Learned and How Will We Plan for the Future?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health services rapidly transitioned to virtual care. Although such services can improve access for underserved populations, they may also present unique challenges, especially for refugee newcomers. This study examined the multidimensional nature of access to virtual mental health (VMH) care for refugee newcomers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using Levesque et al.

Antenatal depressive symptoms in rwanda: rates, risk factors, and social support.

Background: Prevalence of perinatal depression is high in Rwanda and has been found to be associated with the quality of relationship with partner. This study extends this work to examine the relationship between antenatal depressive symptoms and social support across several relationships among women attending antenatal care services.

Methods: Structured survey interviews were conducted with 396 women attending antenatal care services in 4 health centres in the Southern Province of Rwanda.

A "Co-CREATES" framework to foster a positive learning environment for nursing students' professional development in Rwanda.

Aim: The future of the nursing profession in Rwanda in large part depends on the students who join the workforce and the education they have received. Preparing students with the necessary knowledge, values and judgement requires practice settings to be learner-centered. This study aimed at exploring strategies that might improve the current practice-based learning environment.

Examining Trends of Cigarette Smoking Amongst Syrian Refugees During Their First Two Years in Canada.

This brief report explored trends of cigarette smoking among Syrian newcomers in the first two years of resettlement in Canada. 1794 adult Syrian refugees were surveyed about their physical and mental health, and smoking behaviours. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and logistic regressions.

The Impact of Education and Employment Quality on Self-rated Mental Health Among Syrian Refugees in Canada.

Finding appropriate employment is a common challenge faced by refugees when resettling in a new country. For refugees with higher education, finding work commensurate with their skills and qualifications may be even more difficult. Refugees with higher education may experience more distress around employment because their expectations for employment are more discrepant from the realities of resettlement.

Depression-level symptoms among Syrian refugees: findings from a Canadian longitudinal study.

Background: Canada launched the Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative in 2015 and resettled over 40,000 refugees.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of depression-level symptoms at baseline and one year post-resettlement and analyze its predictors.

Methods: Data come from the Syrian Refugee Integration and Long-term Health Outcomes in Canada study (SyRIA.

A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety in Rwanda.

Background: Perinatal depression and anxiety are increasingly recognized as important public health issues in low and middle-income countries such as Rwanda and may have negative consequences for both mothers and their infants. Maternal mental health may be particularly challenged in Rwanda because of the prevalence of risk factors such as poverty, low education levels, negative life events and marital problems. However, there are limited data about perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms in Rwanda.

Unmet Health Care Needs for Syrian Refugees in Canada: A Follow-up Study.

Unmet health care needs are under explored among refugees. Previously we found unmet health care needs in Syrian refugees may be higher than in the general Canadian population (Oda et al. CMAJ Open 5(2):E354-E358, 2017; Oda et al.

Differences in Self-Reported Health and Unmet Health Needs Between Government Assisted and Privately Sponsored Syrian Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Between November 2015 and January 2017, the Government of Canada resettled over 40,000 Syrian refugees through different sponsorship programs (GAR and PSR). Timely access to healthcare is essential for good health and successful integration. However, refugee support differs depending on sponsorship program, which may lead to differences in healthcare service access and needs.

The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review.

With the global increase in the number of refugees and asylum seekers, mental health professionals have become more aware of the need to understand and respond to the mental health needs of forced migrants. This critical review summarizes the findings of recent systematic reviews and primary research on the impact of post-migration conditions on mental disorders and PTSD among refugees and asylum seekers. Historically, the focus of mental health research and interventions with these populations has been on the impact of pre-migration trauma.

Mental health of South Asian youth in Peel Region, Toronto, Canada: a qualitative study of determinants, coping strategies and service access.

Objectives: This qualitative study set out to understand the mental health challenges and service access barriers experienced by South Asian youth populations in the Peel Region of Toronto, Canada.

Setting: In-depth semistructured interviews were carried out with South Asian youth living in Peel Region (Mississauga, Brampton and Caledon), a suburb of Toronto, Canada, home to over 50% of Ontario's South Asian population.

Participants: South Asian youth (n=10) engaged in thoughtful, candid dialogue about their mental health and service access barriers.

Similarly Torn, Differentially Shorn? The Experience and Management of Conflict between Multiple Roles, Relationships, and Social Categories.

In three studies we examined the experience and management of conflict between different types of multiple identities. Participants described a conflict between pairs of role, relational, or social identities before rating the experience (i.e.

Health care needs and use of health care services among newly arrived Syrian refugees: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Canada welcomed 33 723 Syrian refugees between November 2015 and November 2016. This paper reports the results of a rapid assessment of health care needs and use of health care services among newly arrived Syrian refugees in Toronto.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Toronto among Syrian refugees aged 18 years or more who had been in Canada for 12 months or less.

Emergency Room Visits by Uninsured Child and Adult Residents in Ontario, Canada: What Diagnoses, Severity and Visit Disposition Reveal About the Impact of Being Uninsured.

Canadian immigrants can be without health insurance for many reasons but limited data exists regarding uninsured health outcomes. Uninsured Canadian residents were identified in the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for all visits to emergency departments in Ontario, Canada between 2002/3 and 2010/11 (N = 44,489,750). Frequencies for main diagnoses, severity (triage), and visit disposition were compared.

Utilization of internal evaluation results by community mental health organizations: Credibility in different forms.

Internal evaluations are numerous but the literature is largely focused on external evaluations. There have been few explorations of the factors affecting the use of findings from internal evaluations that are carried out by program staff in community organizations. This study examined the instrumental use of internal evaluation findings within 19 community mental health organizations in Ontario, Canada.

An evaluation study of the implementation of stroke best practice guidelines using a Knowledge Transfer Team approach.

Introduction: Strokes will become an increasing burden on the Canadian health care and social systems in coming years. Caring for people who have experienced a stroke is a challenging issue. The Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) developed Stroke Assessment Across the Continuum Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) to support the best possible care for this population.

Factors associated with access to sexual health services among teens in toronto: does immigration matter?

This manuscript explores predictors of access to sexual health services among urban immigrant adolescents who live in Toronto, Canada. Surveys (n = 1216) were collected from pre-existing youth groups in community settings. A binary logistic multivariate model was developed to examine associations between access to sexual health services and a series of individual, interpersonal, and structural variables.