Failure After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation with the Chondrofix Implant: A Report of Two Cases.

Case: This report describes 2 cases of failed decellularized "off-the-shelf" Chondrofix (Zimmer Biomet) osteochondral allografts within a year after implantation in a 44-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman.

Conclusion: Although it is a successful technique for cartilage repair, the use of osteochondral allograft transplantation has been limited by the availability of fresh grafts; therefore, decellularized osteochondral allografts recently have been developed. Physicians should be cautious when considering the use of these implants for the repair of articular cartilage lesions.

Thalamic lesions in multiple sclerosis by 7T MRI: Clinical implications and relationship to cortical pathology.

Objective: Pathology in both cortex and deep gray matter contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). We used the increased signal-to-noise ratio of 7-tesla (7T) MRI to visualize small lesions within the thalamus and to relate this to clinical information and cortical lesions.

Methods: We obtained 7T MRI scans on 34 MS cases and 15 healthy volunteers.

Active MS is associated with accelerated retinal ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thinning.

Objective: To determine the effect of clinical and radiologic disease activity on the rate of thinning of the ganglion cell/inner plexiform (GCIP) layer and the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: One hundred sixty-four patients with MS and 59 healthy controls underwent spectral-domain OCT scans every 6 months for a mean follow-up period of 21.1 months.

Microcystic macular oedema, thickness of the inner nuclear layer of the retina, and disease characteristics in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study.

Background: Microcystic macular oedema (MMO) of the retinal inner nuclear layer (INL) has been identified in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). We aimed to determine whether MMO of the INL, and increased thickness of the INL are associated with disease activity or disability progression.

Methods: This retrospective study was done at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD, USA), between September, 2008, and March, 2012.

Comparison of point estimates and average thicknesses of retinal layers measured using manual optical coherence tomography segmentation for quantification of retinal neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: The advent of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) segmentation has enabled the in vivo quantitative assessment of retinal axonal and neuronal subpopulations. Recent studies employing OCT in multiple sclerosis (MS) have utilized various manual macular segmentation approaches to quantify retinal layer thicknesses. We investigated whether measurements of retinal layers solely at the points of maximal macular thickness (point estimates) within the central macular B-scan are representative of the corresponding average layer thicknesses for the ganglion cell + inner plexiform (GCIP) layers, inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in MS and healthy controls.

In vivo assessment of retinal neuronal layers in multiple sclerosis with manual and automated optical coherence tomography segmentation techniques.

Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) segmentation, enabling quantification of retinal axonal and neuronal subpopulations, may help elucidate the neuroretinal pathobiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to determine the agreement, reproducibility, and visual correlations of retinal layer thicknesses measured by different OCT segmentation techniques, on two spectral-domain OCT devices. Macular scans of 52 MS patients and 30 healthy controls from Spectralis OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT were segmented using fully manual (Spectralis), computer-aided manual (Spectralis and Cirrus), and fully automated (Cirrus) segmentation techniques.