Diabetes care and outcomes of pediatric refugees and migrants from Ukraine and Syria/Afghanistan with type 1 diabetes in German-speaking countries.

Introduction: Currently, over two million war refugees live in Germany. Exposure to war and flight is associated with a high burden of diseases, not limited to mental disorders and infections. We aimed to analyze diabetes treatment and outcomes of pediatric refugees and migrants from Ukraine and Syria/Afghanistan with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in German-speaking countries.

Poorly controlled pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An observational study.

Objectives: Recent studies have suggested a link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children and adolescent, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between poorly controlled T1D and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serving as a proxy for MASLD in children and adolescents over time.

Methods: The study included 32,325 children aged 2-17 years with T1D from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who had undergone at least one assessment of liver enzyme levels recorded in the Diabetes-Patienten- Verlaufsdokumentation registry.

YOLO object detection models can locate and classify broad groups of flower-visiting arthropods in images.

Develoment of image recognition AI algorithms for flower-visiting arthropods has the potential to revolutionize the way we monitor pollinators. Ecologists need light-weight models that can be deployed in a field setting and can classify with high accuracy. We tested the performance of three deep learning light-weight models, YOLOv5nano, YOLOv5small, and YOLOv7tiny, at object recognition and classification in real time on eight groups of flower-visiting arthropods using open-source image data.

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of Land Surface Temperature Distribution and Its Relation to Land Use/Land Cover Patterns.

The surface urban heat island (SUHI) affects the quality of urban life. Because varying urban structures have varying impacts on SUHI, it is crucial to understand the impact of land use/land cover characteristics for improving the quality of life in cities and urban health. Satellite-based data on land surface temperatures (LST) and derived land use/cover pattern (LUCP) indicators provide an efficient opportunity to derive the required data at a large scale.

Empiric recommendations for population disaggregation under different data scenarios.

High-resolution population mapping is of high relevance for developing and implementing tailored actions in several fields: From decision making in crisis management to urban planning. Earth Observation has considerably contributed to the development of methods for disaggregating population figures with higher resolution data into fine-grained population maps. However, which method is most suitable on the basis of the available data, and how the spatial units and accuracy metrics affect the validation process is not fully known.

Frequency of Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Associated With Socioeconomic Deprivation and Urbanization: Results From the German Multicenter DPV Registry.

Objective: To investigate whether socioeconomic deprivation and urbanization are associated with the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of pediatric type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Children and adolescents aged ≤18 years, living in Germany, with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes documented between 2016 and 2019 in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV; Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation), were assigned to a quintile of regional socioeconomic deprivation (German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation) and to a degree of urbanization (Eurostat) by using their residence postal code. With multiple logistic regression models, we investigated whether the frequency of DKA at diagnosis was associated with socioeconomic deprivation or urbanization and whether associations differed by age-group, sex, or migration status.

Glycogen storage disease type I patients with hyperlipidemia have no signs of early vascular dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis.

Background And Aims: Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is associated with hyperlipidemia, a known risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. Few studies have addressed endothelial dysfunction in patients with GSD I, and these studies yielded controversial results.

Methods And Results: We investigated vascular dysfunction in a cohort of 32 patients with GSD I (26 GSD Ia, 6 GSD Ib, mean age 20.

Screening for hypophosphatasia: does biochemistry lead the way?

Objectives: Patients with childhood hypophosphatasia (HPP) often have unspecific symptoms. It was our aim to identify patients with mild forms of HPP by laboratory data screening for decreased alkaline phosphatase (AP) within a pediatric population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective hospital-based data screening for AP activity below the following limits: Girls: ≤12 years: <125 U/L; >12 years: <50 U/L Boys: ≤14 years: <125 U/L; >14 years: <70 U/L.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence—Incidence and Risk Factors.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder that can occur with manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of DKA at the time of the diagnosis of T1D in childhood and adolescence, the risk factors, and regional approaches to reduce the incidence of ketoacidosis.

Methods: We investigated the proportion of patients under 18 years of age with DKA (defined as pH <7.

Incidence of COVID-19 and Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives: With this study, our aim was to quantify the relative risk (RR) of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes during the year 2020 and to assess whether it was associated with the regional incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths.

Methods: Multicenter cohort study based on data from the German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry. The monthly RR for ketoacidosis in 2020 was estimated from observed and expected rates in 3238 children with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

Coeliac disease is associated with depression in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from a multicentre diabetes registry.

Aims: To analyse the association between coeliac disease (CD) and depression in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: We included 79,067 T1D patients aged 6-20 years, with at least six months of diabetes duration, and treatment data between 1995 and 2019 were documented in the diabetes patient follow-up registry. We categorized patients into four groups: T1D only (n = 73,699), T1 + CD (n = 3379), T1D + depression (n = 1877), or T1D + CD + depression (n = 112).

Elevated Plasma Vitamin B in Patients with Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases.

: Hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are inborn errors of metabolism affecting the synthesis or breakdown of glycogen in the liver. This study, for the first time, systematically assessed vitamin B status in a large cohort of hepatic GSD patients. : Plasma vitamin B, total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid concentrations were measured in 44 patients with hepatic GSDs and compared to 42 healthy age- and gender-matched controls.

[Satellite data for recording health-relevant environmental conditions: examples and interdisciplinary potential].

Environmental conditions influence human health and interact with other factors such as DNA, lifestyle, or the social environment. Earth observations from space provide data on the most diverse manifestations of these environmental conditions and make it possible to quantify them spatially. Using two examples - the availability of open and recreational space and the spatial distribution of air pollution - this article presents the potential of Earth observations for health studies.

Disease characteristics of MCT8 deficiency: an international, retrospective, multicentre cohort study.

Background: Disordered thyroid hormone transport, due to mutations in the SLC16A2 gene encoding monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), is characterised by intellectual and motor disability resulting from cerebral hypothyroidism and chronic peripheral thyrotoxicosis. We sought to systematically assess the phenotypic characteristics and natural history of patients with MCT8 deficiency.

Methods: We did an international, multicentre, cohort study, analysing retrospective data from Jan 1, 2003, to Dec 31, 2019, from patients with MCT8 deficiency followed up in 47 hospitals in 22 countries globally.

Diabetes management in Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: analysis from the German/Austrian DPV database.

Background: Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) is characterized by permanent early-onset diabetes, skeletal dysplasia and several additional features, e.g. recurrent liver failure.

Short-Term Effects of Growth Hormone on Lipolysis, Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism Assessed in Serum and Microdialysate of Healthy Young Men.

Objective: We investigated direct effects of a therapeutic growth hormone dose on lipolysis, glucose and amino acid metabolism.

Methods: This crossover microdialysis trial involved six healthy male volunteers receiving single subcutaneous injections of both growth hormone (0.035 mg/kg) and placebo (0.

Start low, go slowly - mental abnormalities in young prolactinoma patients under cabergoline therapy.

Background Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence are rare. First-line therapy consists of dopamine agonists (DAs) like cabergoline. Experience in treating prolactinomas in paediatric and adolescent patients is limited.

Using the Lifeworld Approach to Improve HIV Testing.

Major guidelines for HIV recommend that testing should be provided in a way that is adapted to the lifeworld of groups at risk. However, precise definitions as to what adaption to the lifeworld means are missing. Therefore, this research project evaluated how the lifeworld approach can be operationalized in regard to HIV testing and how voluntary counseling and testing services can use this approach to improve efficacy.

Hemoglobin A1c and retinal arteriolar narrowing in children with type 1 diabetes: the diagnostics of early atherosclerosis risk in kids study.

Background/objective: Microvascular alterations play a key role in the development of diabetes complications. Retinal vessel analysis is a unique method to examine microvascular changes in brain-derived vessels.

Methods: Sixty-seven pediatric and adolescent type 1 diabetes patients and 58 healthy control persons (mean age 12.

Semiparametric Generalized Linear Models with the gldrm Package.

This paper introduces a new algorithm to estimate and perform inferences on a recently proposed and developed semiparametric generalized linear model (glm). Rather than selecting a particular parametric exponential family model, such as the Poisson distribution, this semiparametric glm assumes that the response is drawn from the more general exponential tilt family. The regression coefficients and unspecified reference distribution are estimated by maximizing a semiparametric likelihood.

Evaluating the four most important salivary sex steroids during male puberty: testosterone best characterizes pubertal development.

Background During pubertal development in healthy boys, increased levels of different sex steroids occur which are responsible for sexual maturation and physical changes. However, relationships between various sex hormones and pubertal development stages have not been sufficiently studied. Methods The investigation included 165 normal boys (mean age 12.

[Barriers to Accessing HIV Testing Services - A Systematic Literature Review].

Objective: In Germany there are 3,100 new HIV infections per year (2016), mainly homosexual men and intravenous drug users. According to experts from Robert Koch Institute, about 30 % of people with HIV are diagnosed late, well past the optimal moment to start the antiretroviral therapy. The high rate of late presenters seems to be a strong argument for an intensification of voluntary counseling and testing services.

Transfer of Topical Testosterone to Subcutaneous Microdialysate, Blood and Saliva in Healthy Young Men.

Objective: We evaluated percutaneous penetration of topical testosterone and subsequent transfer to subcutaneous tissue, blood and saliva.

Methods: This microdialysis trial involved eight healthy male volunteers. Five participants received a single dose of 50 mg testosterone gel on the abdominal skin and three untreated participants served as controls.

Decrease of small dense LDL and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 due to human growth hormone treatment in short children with growth hormone deficiency and small for gestational age status.

Background: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and small for gestational age (SGA) status are associated with cardiovascular risks. We therefore, investigated antiatherogenic effects of growth hormone (GH).

Methods: Subfractions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at baseline, after 8 and 52 weeks of GH treatment in 51 short children born SGA (n=33) or with GHD (n=18).