The association between perinatal depressive symptoms and child neurodevelopment.

Background: Perinatal depression has been suggested to adversely impact child neurodevelopment. However, the complexity of the early childhood environment challenges conclusive findings.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between perinatal depressive symptoms and child intelligence quotient (IQ) at 5 years of age.

Ocular Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and Her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial - Report Number 2.

Purpose: Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are xanthophyll carotenoids that have been promoted to enhance maternal health and infant visual and neurodevelopment. In this study, we determined the effects of prenatal L and Z supplementation on systemic and ocular carotenoid status in the mother and her newborn infant (NCT03750968). This report focuses on the ocular effects of prenatal carotenoid supplementation.

Progression of Gestational Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroxinemia to Overt Hypothyroidism After Pregnancy: Pooled Analysis of Data from Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

To examine the incidence of overt hypothyroidism 1 and 5 years after pregnancies where screening before 21 weeks identified subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) or hypothyroxinemia (HT). Secondary analysis of two multicenter treatment trials for either SH or HT diagnosed between 8 and 20 weeks gestation. Current analyses focus only on individuals randomized to the placebo groups in the two parallel studies.

Endometriosis Typology and Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Importance: Endometriosis has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer; however, the associations between endometriosis subtypes and ovarian cancer histotypes have not been well-described.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of endometriosis subtypes with incidence of ovarian cancer, both overall and by histotype.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Population-based cohort study using data from the Utah Population Database.

Low-dose aspirin, maternal cardiometabolic health, and offspring respiratory health 9 to 14 years after delivery: Findings from the EAGeR Follow-up Study.

Background: Accumulating evidence shows that peri-conceptional and in-utero exposures have lifetime health impacts for mothers and their offspring.

Objectives: We conducted a Follow-Up Study of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial with two objectives. First, we determined if women who enrolled at the Utah site (N = 1001) of the EAGeR trial (2007-2011, N = 1228) could successfully be contacted and agree to complete an online questionnaire on their reproductive, cardio-metabolic, and offspring respiratory health 9-14 years after original enrollment.

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Objectives: To determine whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with maternal coronary artery disease (CAD) and other cardiovascular (CV) diseases within 10-20 years following delivery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort including all women who delivered ≥ 1 pregnancy ≥ 20 weeks' gestation within a single health system from 1998 to 2008. We excluded those with CV risk factors preceding first delivery or with no follow-up after delivery.

Association of Mild Iodine Insufficiency during Pregnancy with Child Neurodevelopment in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate whether iodine status in pregnant patients with either subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in the first half of pregnancy is associated with measures of behavior and neurodevelopment in children through the age of 5 years.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter study consisting of two randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled treatment trials conducted in parallel. Patients with a singleton gestation before 20 weeks' gestation underwent thyroid screening using serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine.

Thrombotic Markers in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulation abnormalities and increased risk for venous and arterial thrombi. This study aimed to evaluate D-dimer levels and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) positivity in pregnant individuals with and without Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals delivering at a single academic institution from April 2020 to March 2022.

Genetic Predisposition to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether there are genetic variants associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study Design: We conducted a candidate gene association study in two well-defined cohorts of ELBW infants (<1,000 g). One cohort was for discovery and the other for replication.

Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1.

Background: Adding carotenoids, particularly lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), to prenatal micronutrient formulations has been promoted to enhance infant visual and neural development and to maintain maternal health. Although these claims are biologically plausible, they are not yet supported by a compelling prospective trial.

Objective: We investigated the effect of prenatal carotenoid supplementation on biomarkers of maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status.

Outcomes of induction vs prelabor cesarean delivery at <33 weeks for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading cause of indicated preterm birth; however, the optimal delivery approach for pregnancies complicated by preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remains uncertain.

Objective: This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal morbidity in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who either went induction of labor or prelabor cesarean delivery at <33 weeks' gestation. In addition, we aimed to quantify the length of induction of labor and rate of vaginal delivery in those who underwent induction of labor.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and subsequent risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Introduction: Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether HDP is also associated with later-life dementia has not been fully explored.

Methods: Using the Utah Population Database, we performed an 80-year retrospective cohort study of 59,668 parous women.

Long-term maternal mortality risk following spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine whether women with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) have increased risks for long-term mortality.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Births in Utah between 1939 and 1977.

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Long-Term Maternal Cardiovascular and Metabolic Biomarkers.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and long-term maternal metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers.

Study Design: Follow-up study of patients who completed glucose tolerance testing 5 to 10 years after enrollment in a mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment trial or concurrent non-GDM cohort. Maternal serum insulin concentrations and cardiovascular markers VCAM-1, VEGF, CD40L, GDF-15, and ST-2 were measured, and insulinogenic index (IGI, pancreatic β-cell function) and 1/ homeostatic model assessment (insulin resistance) were calculated.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis in families with recurrent pregnancy loss: A pilot study.

One to two percent of couples suffer recurrent pregnancy loss and over 50% of the cases are unexplained. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis has the potential to identify previously unrecognized causes of pregnancy loss, but few studies have been performed, and none have included DNA from families including parents, losses, and live births. We conducted a pilot WGS study in three families with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, including parents, healthy live births, and losses, which included an embryonic loss (<10 weeks' gestation), fetal deaths (10-20 weeks' gestation) and stillbirths (≥ 20 weeks' gestation).

The Association between Infant Birth Weight, Head Circumference, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether being small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) or having a small or large head circumference (HC) at birth is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter negative randomized trial of thyroxine therapy for subclinical hypothyroid disorders in pregnancy. The primary outcome was child intelligence quotient (IQ) at 5 years of age.

Short-term neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.

Background: Maternal obesity complicates a high number of pregnancies. The degree to which neonatal outcomes are adversely affected is unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.

Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Prior meta-analyses report a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of later cardiovascular disease among women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Given HDP's vascular underpinnings, it is hypothesized to also be a risk factor for later dementia. We aim to summarize the evidence for the impact of HDP on dementia and consider unique associations between HDP and dementia subtypes.

Long-Term Maternal Metabolic and Cardiovascular Phenotypes after a Pregnancy Complicated by Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Obesity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity with metabolic and cardiovascular markers 5 to 10 years after pregnancy.

Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of 5- to 10-year follow-up study of a mild GDM treatment trial and concurrent observational cohort of participants ineligible for the trial with abnormal 1-hour glucose challenge test only. Participants with 2-hour glucose tolerance test at follow-up were included.

Familial aggregation of stillbirth: A pedigree analysis of a matched case-control study.

Objective: To determine whether stillbirth aggregates in families and quantify its familial risk using extended pedigrees.

Design: State-wide matched case-control study.

Setting: Utah, United States.

The Association between Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Offspring's Hearing Impairment.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between in-utero exposure to nicotine and subsequent hearing dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among gravidas with primary CMV infection was conducted. Monthly intravenous immunoglobulin hyperimmune globulin therapy did not influence the rate of congenital CMV.

Obstacles to Optimal Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration to Eligible Patients.

Objective: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) is recommended for individuals expected to deliver between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Properly timed administration of ANCS achieves maximal benefit. However, more than 50% of individuals receive ANCS outside the recommended window.

Quantitative longitudinal T2* mapping for assessing placental function and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes across gestation.

Existing methods for evaluating in vivo placental function fail to reliably detect pregnancies at-risk for adverse outcomes prior to maternal and/or fetal morbidity. Here we report the results of a prospective dual-site longitudinal clinical study of quantitative placental T2* as measured by blood oxygen-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI). The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify placental T2* at multiple time points across gestation, and its consistency across sites, and 2) to investigate the association between placental T2* and adverse outcomes.

Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah.

Objective: Our primary objective was to estimate statewide prenatal substance exposure based on umbilical cord sampling. Our secondary objectives were to compare prevalence of prenatal substance exposure across urban, rural, and frontier regions, and to compare contemporary findings to those previously reported.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional prevalence study of prenatal substance exposure, as determined by umbilical cord positivity for 49 drugs and drug metabolites, through the use of qualitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.