A method of determining bending properties of poultry long bones using beam analysis and micro-CT data.

While conventional mechanical testing has been regarded as a gold standard for the evaluation of bone heath in numerous studies, with recent advances in medical imaging, virtual methods of biomechanics are rapidly evolving in the human literature. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of determining the elastic and failure properties of poultry long bones using established methods of analysis from the human literature. In order to incorporate a large range of bone sizes and densities, a small number of specimens were utilized from an ongoing study of Regmi et al.

Evaluation of inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular injection of interleukin-1 in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical and assessment of the clinical effects of long-term nutraceutical administration.

Objective: To evaluate inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1beta treatment in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical (DN; composed of mussel, shark cartilage, abalone, and Biota orientalis lipid extract) and assess the clinical effects of long-term DN administration.

Animals: 22 healthy horses.

Procedures: 12 horses were fed 0, 15, 45, or 75 mg of DN (3 horses/treatment) daily for 84 days.

Effects of simulated digests of Biota orientalis and a dietary nutraceutical on interleukin-1- induced inflammatory responses in cartilage explants.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that simulated digests of Biota orientalis (BO) and a dietary nutraceutical (DN; composed of mussel, shark cartilage, abalone, and BO seed lipid extract) inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in interleukin (IL)-1-stimulated cartilage explants.

Sample Population: Cartilage tissue from 12 pigs.

Procedures: Articular cartilage explants were conditioned with a simulated digest of BO (BOsim) or DN (DNsim) at concentrations of 0, 0.

Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of nutraceuticals from Sasha's Blend in a cartilage explant model of inflammation.

New Zealand green lipped mussel (NZGLM), abalone (AB), and shark cartilage (SC) are extensively used for treatment of and/or as preventatives for arthritis, despite a relative paucity of scientific evidence for efficacy. This research integrated a simulated digestion protocol with ultrafiltration and cartilage explants to generate new information on the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties of NZGLM, SC, and AB. Each nutraceutical was artificially digested using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and the crude digest was ultrafiltered (50 kDa).

Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on bovine cartilage explants under long-term culture conditions.

Objective: To determine effects of glucosamine (GLN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) on expression of genes encoding putative mediators of osteoarthritis in bovine cartilage explants cultured for 2 weeks.

Sample Population: Articular cartilage explants harvested from carpal joints of 4 Holstein steers after slaughter.

Procedures: Cartilage disks were treated as follows: fetal bovine serum only (control treatment), human recombinant interleukin (IL)-1beta (50 ng/mL; IL-1 treatment), GLN (5 microg/mL) with addition of CS (20 microg/mL; GLN-CS treatment), and human recombinant IL-1beta (50 ng/mL) with addition of GLN and CS (IL-1-GLN-CS treatment).

Short-term gene expression changes in cartilage explants stimulated with interleukin beta plus glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.

Objective: To determine the short-term effects of glucosamine (GLN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) on expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and matrix enzymes in bovine cartilage explants stimulated with interleukin 1 (IL-1).

Methods: Dose-response experiments were conducted for IL-1, GLN, and CS to select concentrations of each optimized for detecting treatment effects on cartilage explants. Based on the dose-response experiments, treatments included fetal bovine serum (FBS) control, 15 ng/ml IL-1, and 15 ng/ml IL-1 with the addition of 10 microg/ml GLN and 20 microg/ml CS.

Effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on regulation of gene expression of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in interleukin-1-challenged bovine articular cartilage explants.

Objective: To determine the effects of glucosamine (GLN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), at concentrations attainable in vivo, on expression of genes encoding proteolytic enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, and macromolecules of articular cartilage in interleukin-1(IL-1)-challenged bovine cartilage explants.

Sample Population: Articular cartilage explants harvested from 9 steers.

Procedures: Cartilage explants were exposed to media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) only, IL-1 (50 ng/mL), IL-1 with GLN (5 microg/mL), IL-1 with CS (20 microg/mL), or IL-1 with GLN and CS for 24 and 48 hours.

Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on mediators of osteoarthritis in cultured equine chondrocytes stimulated by use of recombinant equine interleukin-1beta.

Objective: To determine whether glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (CS) at concentrations approximating those achieved in plasma by oral administration would influence gene expression of selected mediators of osteoarthritis in cytokine-stimulated equine articular chondrocytes.

Sample Population: Samples of grossly normal articular cartilage obtained from the metacarpophalangeal joint of 13 horses.

Procedure: Equine chondrocytes in pellet culture were stimulated with a subsaturating dose of recombinant equine interleukin (reIL)-1beta.

Comparison of inhibitory effects of glucosamine and mannosamine on bovine articular cartilage degradation in vitro.

Objective: To compare the inhibitory effects of glucosamine and mannosamine on articular cartilage degradation and the effects on chondrocyte viability in vitro.

Sample Population: Bovine articular cartilage explants.

Procedures: Explants were cultured in commercial medium for 48 hours.

Influence of glucosamine on matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine chondrocytes.

Objective: To characterize potential mechanisms of action of glucosamine inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine chondrocytes.

Sample Population: Chondrocytes cultured from samples of metacarpophalangeal articular cartilage collected from cadaveric limbs of horses.

Procedure: The effect of glucosamine on MMP activity in conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated cartilage explants was determined by a colorimetric assay with azocoll substrate.

Growth and maturational changes in dense fibrous connective tissue following 14 days of rhGH supplementation in the dwarf rat.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on patella tendon (PT), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) on collagen growth and maturational changes in dwarf GH-deficient rats. Twenty male Lewis mutant dwarf rats, 37 days of age, were randomly assigned to Dwarf + rhGH (n = 10) and Dwarf + vehicle (n = 10) groups. The GH group received 1.

Serum concentrations of keratan sulfate, osteocalcin, and pyridinoline crosslinks after oral administration of glucosamine to standardbred horses during race training.

Objective: To determine the effects of orally administered glucosamine on concentrations of markers of bone and cartilage metabolism in Standardbred horses during race training.

Animals: Twenty 16- to 20-month-old Standardbreds beginning race training.

Procedure: Horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups.

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases mediate curcumin-induced cell migration in non-tumorigenic colon epithelial cells differing in Apc genotype.

Colonic epithelial cell migration is required for normal differentiated cell function. This migratory phenotype is dependent upon wild-type adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) expression. Non-tumorigenic murine colon epithelial cell lines with distinct Apc genotypes, i.