Auto-transfusion tourniquets: the next evolution of tourniquets.

In this article, we discuss the relationship between hemorrhagic shock and the pathophysiology of shock using conventional tourniquets. We will focus on corollary benefits with the use of HemaClear(®), a self-contained, sterile, exsanguinating auto-transfusion tourniquet. This discussion will demonstrate that the use of auto-transfusion tourniquets is a practical evidence-based approach in fluid resuscitation: it shortens the duration of shock after hemorrhage and trauma compared with conventional tourniquets.

Furthering the profession: the early years of the American Gynecological Club and its first European tours.

Beginning early in the 20th century, a group of North American leaders in obstetrics and gynecology met annually to promote the furtherance of the specialty. The American Gynecological Club held its meetings at academic medical centers, spending 2 to 4 days viewing the latest diagnostic and operative techniques and hearing presentations by investigators at that institution. On several occasions, club members spent 1 month visiting the foremost medical centers in Great Britain and continental Europe, where they observed surgical procedures, attended clinics, and established friendships that transcended national boundaries.