The Analgesic Effect of Resistance Training after Breast Cancer (ANTRAC): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The objective of this blinded parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on pain, maximal strength, and shoulder function in breast cancer survivors (BCS) with persistent pain after treatment.

Methods: Twenty BCS with self-reported pain ≥1.5 yr after treatment were randomized to an experimental group (EXP, n = 10), who performed a supervised progressive total body heavy RT program 2 times per week for 12 wk, or a control group (CON, n = 10), who was instructed to continue their everyday life.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation increases corticospinal excitability, while performance is unchanged.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been shown to improve bicycle time to fatigue (TTF) tasks at 70-80% of VO2max and downregulate rate of perceived exertion (RPE). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on a RPE-clamp test, a 250-kJ time trial (TT) and motor evoked potentials (MEP). Twenty participants volunteered for three trials; control, sham stimulation and a-tDCS.

The puzzle of the walk-to-run transition in humans.

Background: The walk-to-run transition, which occurs during gradually increasing locomotion speed, has been addressed in research at least eight decades back.

Research Question: Why does the walk-to-run transition occur? In the present review, we focus on the reason for the transition, more than on the consequences of it. The latter has historically constituted a primary focus.

The Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Quadriceps Maximal Voluntary Contraction, Corticospinal Excitability, and Voluntary Activation Levels.

Kristiansen, M, Thomsen, MJ, Nørgaard, J, Aaes, J, Knudsen, D, and Voigt, M. The effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction, corticospinal excitability, and voluntary activation levels. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1540-1547, 2022-Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has previously been shown to improve maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC), possibly through an upregulation of corticospinal excitability.

Atypical Large Vessel Vasculitis Presenting With Cholestatic Liver Abnormalities: Case-Based Review.

Clinicians usually easily recognize cranial manifestations of giant cell arteritis (GCA) such as new-onset headache, jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, and abrupt changes in visual acuity or blindness; however, when presented with an aberrant clinical course, the diagnosis becomes more elusive. In addition to temporal arteries and other extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, large vessel vasculitis (LVV) can also affect other blood vessels including coronary arteries, aorta with its major branches, intracranial blood vessels, and hepatic arteries.Over time, the scope of the symptoms typically associated with LVV has broadened and includes cases of fever of unknown origin accompanied with other constitutional symptoms that can mimic a range of neoplastic and infectious diseases.

Effect of Tapping Bout Duration During Freely Chosen and Passive Finger Tapping on Rate Enhancement.

The present study investigated whether the duration of the first tapping bout, which could also be considered 'the priming', would play a role for the occurrence of the behavioral phenomenon termed repeated bout rate enhancement. Eighty-eight healthy individuals were recruited. Sixty-three of these demonstrated repeated bout rate enhancement and they were assigned to two different groups, which performed either active or passive tapping as priming.

Motor variability in elicited repeated bout rate enhancement is associated with higher sample entropy.

In this study we investigated motor variability in individuals who showed (responders) and who did not show (non-responders) a behavioural phenomenon termed repeated bout rate enhancement. The phenomenon is characterized by an increase of the freely chosen index finger tapping rate during the second of two consecutive tapping bouts. It was hypothesized that responders would perform (i) tapping with a lower magnitude, but more complex structure of variability than non-responders and (ii) bout 2 with a lower magnitude and increased complexity of variability than bout 1, as opposed to non-responders.

Inter- and intra-individual variability in the kinematics of the back squat.

The purpose of this study was to explore the level of inter- and intra-individual variability in the kinematic profiles of the back squat movement among skilled weightlifters. Ten competitive weightlifters volunteered for participation in this study. Barbell velocity (V) and angular velocity of the ankle (ω), knee (ω) and hip joint (ω) were obtained by kinematic recording of six trials at 90% of 1RM in the back squat.

Acute cellular rejection in hepatitis C recipients following liver transplantation in the era of direct-acting antivirals: chronological analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Introduction: Interferon (IFN) treatment for liver transplant (LT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases acute cellular rejection (ACR) and worsens graft and patient survival. It is unknown if direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) affect rejection rates or post-transplant survival.

Method: The United Network for Organ Sharing STAR files of December 2017 (n = 25,916) were analyzed.

Model to Calculate Harms and Benefits of Early vs Delayed Liver Transplantation for Patients With Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Background & Aims: Early liver transplantation (without requiring a minimum period of sobriety) for severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is controversial: many centers delay eligibility until a specific period of sobriety (such as 6 months) has been achieved. To inform ongoing debate and policy, we modeled long-term outcomes of early vs delayed liver transplantation for patients with AH.

Methods: We developed a mathematical model to simulate early vs delayed liver transplantation for patients with severe AH and different amounts of alcohol use after transplantation: abstinence, slip (alcohol use followed by sobriety), or sustained use.

Predicting Low Risk for Sustained Alcohol Use After Early Liver Transplant for Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis: The Sustained Alcohol Use Post-Liver Transplant Score.

Early liver transplant (LT) for alcohol-associated disease (i.e., without a specific sobriety period) is controversial but increasingly used.

Repeated Bout Rate Enhancement Is Elicited by Various Forms of Finger Tapping.

Voluntary rhythmic movements, such as, for example, locomotion and other cyclic tasks, are fundamental during everyday life. Patients with impaired neural or motor function often take part in rehabilitation programs, which include rhythmic movements. Therefore, it is imperative to have the best possible understanding of control and behaviour of human voluntary rhythmic movements.

Outcomes of Early Liver Transplantation for Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis.

Background & Aims: The American Consortium of Early Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis comprises 12 centers from 8 United Network for Organ Sharing regions studying early liver transplantation (LT) (without mandated period of sobriety) for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH). We analyzed the outcomes of these patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of severe AH and no prior diagnosis of liver disease or episodes of AH, who underwent LT before 6 months of abstinence from 2006 through 2017 at 12 centers.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt does not independently increase risk of death in high model for end stage liver disease patients.

Physicians often exclude patients with a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 18 from a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure due to the concern for higher risk of death. We aimed to determine if TIPS increased the risk of death in these patients. We analyzed the interaction between TIPS and MELD in 106 patients with TIPS and 79 with intractable ascites without TIPS.

Decision tree analysis to stratify risk of de novo non-melanoma skin cancer following liver transplantation.

Purpose: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common de novo malignancy in liver transplant (LT) recipients; it behaves more aggressively and it increases mortality. We used decision tree analysis to develop a tool to stratify and quantify risk of NMSC in LT recipients.

Methods: We performed Cox regression analysis to identify which predictive variables to enter into the decision tree analysis.

Prediction of walk-to-run transition using stride frequency: A test-retest reliability study.

The transition from walking to running has previously been predicted to occur at a point where the stride frequency starts getting closer to the running attractor than to the walking attractor. The two behavioural attractors were considered to be represented by the freely chosen stride frequencies during unrestricted treadmill walking and running. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the predicted walk-to-run transition stride frequency.

The role of stride frequency for walk-to-run transition in humans.

It remains unclear why humans spontaneously shift from walking to running at a certain point during locomotion at gradually increasing velocity. We show that a calculated walk-to-run transition stride frequency (70.6 ± 3.

Medial shoe-ground pressure and specific running injuries: A 1-year prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciopathy and medial tibial stress syndrome injuries (APM-injuries) account for approximately 25% of the total number of running injuries amongst recreational runners. Reports on the association between static foot pronation and APM-injuries are contradictory. Possibly, dynamic measures of pronation may display a stronger relationship with the risk of APM-injuries.

Idiopathic hyperammonemia after solid organ transplantation: Primarily a lung problem? A single-center experience and systematic review.

Background: Idiopathic hyperammonemia syndrome (IHS) is an uncommon, often deadly complication of solid organ transplantation. IHS cases in solid organ transplantation seem to occur predominantly in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. However, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of IHS has not been systematically evaluated.

Locoregional Therapy With Curative Intent Versus Primary Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Locoregional therapy with curative intent (CLRT) followed by salvage liver transplantation (SLT) in case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is an alternative to primary liver transplantation (LT) in selected patients with HCC.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the survival of patients treated with CLRT versus LT, stratified by the stage of liver disease, extent of cancer, and whether SLT was offered or not.

Results: We included 48 studies involving 9835 patients (5736 patients with CLRT and 4119 patients with primary LT).

Sensory Feedback in Interlimb Coordination: Contralateral Afferent Contribution to the Short-Latency Crossed Response during Human Walking.

A constant coordination between the left and right leg is required to maintain stability during human locomotion, especially in a variable environment. The neural mechanisms underlying this interlimb coordination are not yet known. In animals, interneurons located within the spinal cord allow direct communication between the two sides without the need for the involvement of higher centers.

Freely chosen stride frequencies during walking and running are not correlated with freely chosen pedalling frequency and are insensitive to strength training.

Despite biomechanical differences between walking, running, and cycling, these types of movement are supposedly generated by shared neural networks. According to this hypothesis, we investigated relationships between movement frequencies in these tasks as well as effects of strength training on locomotion behaviour. The movement frequencies during walking, running, and cycling were 58.

Differential modulation of motor cortex plasticity in skill- and endurance-trained athletes.

Purpose: Extensive evidence exists that regular physical exercise offers neuroplastic benefits to the brain. In this study, exercise-specific effects on motor cortex plasticity were compared between 15 skilled and 15 endurance trained athletes and 8 controls.

Methods: Plasticity was tested with a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol.

Frequency and pattern of rhythmic leg movement in humans after fatiguing exercises.

In the current study we investigated changes in voluntary rhythmic leg movement frequency (freely chosen cycling cadence) and rhythmic movement pattern (tangential pedal force profile) after fatiguing hip flexion and hip extension exercises. Nine healthy individuals performed ergometer cycling at freely chosen cadence and at a cadence of 1 Hz before and after fatiguing hip flexion and hip extension exercises. The freely chosen cadence was not affected after fatiguing exercises.

Step adjustments among young and elderly when walking toward a raised surface.

Background: Falls among the elderly are often associated with walking on uneven ground. Obstacle negotiation requires both postural reaction strategies and anticipatory strategies which may be impaired with age. Anticipatory strategies are necessary in many daily living situations such as crossing the street and negotiating a kerb.