Bone mass in young adulthood following gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment and cross-sex hormone treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria.

Context: Sex steroids are important for bone mass accrual. Adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy are temporarily sex-steroid deprived until the addition of cross-sex hormones (CSH). The effect of this treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in later life is not known.

Breast cancer development in transsexual subjects receiving cross-sex hormone treatment.

Introduction: Transsexual people receive cross-sex hormones as part of their treatment, potentially inducing hormone-sensitive malignancies.

Aim: To examine the occurrence of breast cancer in a large cohort of Dutch male and female transsexual persons, also evaluating whether the epidemiology accords with the natal sex or the new sex.

Main Outcome Measure: Number of people with breast cancer between 1975 and 2011.

A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones.

Objective: Adverse effects of long-term cross-sex hormone administration to transsexuals are not well documented. We assessed mortality rates in transsexual subjects receiving long-term cross-sex hormones.

Design: A cohort study with a median follow-up of 18.

Combined hysterectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy is a safe and valuable procedure for female-to-male transsexuals.

Introduction: Sex reassignment surgery is an important step for transsexuals, since it is known to help the patients to live more easily in their gender role and to significantly increase quality of life.

Aims: To critically evaluate our experience with the combined procedure of hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral mastectomy for female-to-male (FtM) transsexual patients.

Methods: Thirty-two FtM transsexuals who underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral mastectomy in one single operative setting.

Immunohistochemical examinations of sex hormone receptors in benign vocal fold lesions.

Background: Acquired benign vocal fold lesions are among the most common causes of voice problems. Since the local impact of estrogen and progesterone receptors in laryngeal tissue is discussed controversially, the presence of sex hormone receptors in benign vocal fold alterations needs to be clarified.

Goal Of The Study: To investigate the expression of estrogen-alpha receptors (ER-alpha), estrogen-beta receptors (ER-beta), progesterone receptors (PR) and androgen receptors (AR) in acquired benign vocal fold alterations.

Implanon versus medroxyprogesterone acetate: effects on pain scores in patients with symptomatic endometriosis--a pilot study.

Background: Implanon has been reported to be effective in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. We compared the therapeutic efficacies of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and Implanon with regard to pain relief in women with endometriosis.

Study Design: In a clinical research center at a university hospital, 41 patients with dysmenorrhea, nonmenstrual pelvic pain and dyspareunia associated with histologically proven endometriosis were included in an open, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Hypoactive sexual desire in transsexual women: prevalence and association with testosterone levels.

Objective: An unknown proportion of transsexual women (defined as post-operative male-to-female transsexuals on oestrogen replacement) experience hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). It has been suggested that the absence of ovarian androgen production together with oestrogen treatment-related increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels could be leading to HSDD, due to low levels of biologically available testosterone. This study wishes to document the HSDD prevalence among transsexual women and the possible association to androgen levels.

Association of the protein Z intron F G79A gene polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective: To investigate the association of the common protein Z (PZ) intron F G79A gene polymorphism with recurrent early pregnancy loss (RPL) and its gene-gene interaction with known thrombophilic risk factors for RPL.

Design: Case control study.

Setting: University clinic.

Towards the expression of sex hormone receptors in the human vocal fold.

Background: The human larynx is assumed to be a steroid receptor target organ. There are only very limited data on the evidence of steroid receptors in the vocal folds, although voice alterations due to hormonal influence and treatment have been found.

Goal Of The Study: To investigate the expression of estrogen alpha, progesterone, and androgen receptors in human vocal folds (vocalis muscle, glands, lamina propria, epithelium).

Role of the vaginally administered aromatase inhibitor anastrozole in women with rectovaginal endometriosis: a pilot study.

In the present nonrandomized pilot study we determined the role of the vaginally administered aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (0.25 mg anastrozole/d for 6 months) in the treatment of women with histologically proven rectovaginal endometriosis. In a series of 10 patients, dysmenorrhea, physical and social functioning, but not chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia, improved during therapy.

Progesterone-receptor index in meningiomas: correlation with clinico-pathological parameters and review of the literature.

For recurrent and untreatable meningiomas alternative therapies, such as anti-progesterone treatment, have been sought. However, the few clinical studies have not determined progesterone receptor (PgR) expression in most cases, and studies correlating quantitative PgR expression (PgR index) with clinico-pathological variables are scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the PgR indices in a consecutive series of meningiomas and correlate these values with clinico-pathological parameters.

Elevated coagulation factor VIII and the risk for recurrent early pregnancy loss.

Inherited and acquired thrombophilia are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Recently, an increased risk for thromboembolic disease was described for patients with elevated coagulation factor VIII, but it is unknown whether there is also an association to early pregnancy loss. We therefore evaluated the relation between recurrent early pregnancy loss and levels of coagulation factor VIII.

Voice impairment and menopause.

Objective: Menopause rating scales still do not regard voice impairment as a genuine climacteric symptom, although voice changes are frequently reported. The purpose of this study was both to register and differentiate voice alterations and disorders in menopausal women.

Design: A total of 107 women between 37 and 71 years of age who were rated as postmenopausal according to their hormonal status answered a questionnaire on voice changes and vocal discomfort.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G polymorphism and coagulation factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: impaired fibrinolysis and early pregnancy loss.

Background: A successful outcome of pregnancy depends on proper placental formation. In the very beginning of this process, trophoblast invasion and fibrin deposition into the wall of the decidual veins play an important part. Two polymorphisms, coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G, interfere with fibrin cross-linking and regulation of fibrinolysis and may therefore contribute to early pregnancy loss.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphism in women with peritoneal adhesions.

Interleukin (IL)-1 has been shown to induce peritoneal adhesions. We determined the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) genotype with respect to the two most common variant alleles IL-1RN*2 and IL-1RN*3 in Caucasian women with peritoneal adhesions. One hundred seven women with surgically verified peritoneal adhesions and 79 controls without peritoneal adhesions served as controls.