Public Awareness of the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act Governing Chiropractic in Malaysia: A Survey of Adults in Klang Valley.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of the traditional and complementary medicine law governing chiropractic among adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of patients attending the following 4 health care services: medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and chiropractic. The study ran from July to November 2018.

Ergonomic Risk Factors of Fourth- and Fifth-Year International Medical University Dental Students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the ergonomic risk factors of year 4 and year 5 dental students attending International Medical University.

Methods: This was an exploratory, observational study evaluating ergonomic risk factors among year 4 and year 5 dental students, with a total of 89 participants. The students' ergonomic risk components were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) worksheet.

Demographic Factors Associated With Public Awareness of Chiropractic in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the public awareness of chiropractic in Klang Valley and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with this awareness.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 440 respondents was conducted in medical, chiropractic, pharmacy, and dental health care facilities in Klang Valley. A self-administrated questionnaire was enclosed in an envelope and handed to the participants by the health care facilities' staff.

Chiropractic Utilization Among Patients in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the utilization of chiropractic in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 health care centers, namely Klinik Mediviron Sri Rampai, Queck Dental Surgery, International Medical University (IMU) Healthcare Chiropractic Centre, and Be Pharmacy Bandar Sri Permaisuri, in Klang Valley from July to November 2018, with a total of 440 respondents. The data collection was done by the self-administration method using questionnaires that were enclosed in envelopes and passed on to the participants by the center's staff.

Effects of Upper and Lower Cervical Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Volunteers and Patients With Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled, Cross-Over, Preliminary Study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine autonomic nervous system responses by using heart rate variability analysis (HRV), hemodynamic parameters and numeric pain scale (NPS) when either upper (C1 and C2) or lower (C6 and C7) cervical segments were manipulated in volunteers, and whether such response would be altered in acute mechanical neck pain patients after spinal manipulative therapy (SMT).

Methods: A randomized controlled, cross-over, preliminary study was conducted on 10 asymptomatic normotensive volunteers and 10 normotensive patients complaining of acute neck pain. HRV, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and NPS were recorded after upper cervical and lower cervical segments SMT in volunteer and patient groups.

Chiropractic care for patients with acute neck pain: results of a pragmatic practice-based feasibility study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a chiropractic practice-based research network to investigate the treatment of acute neck pain (ANP) and to report resulting findings.

Methods: Participating chiropractors recruited sequentially presenting ANP patients on their initial visit to the office. Patients were treated by the chiropractors using their usual methods.

Survey of health attitudes and behaviors of a chiropractic college population.

Objectives: We gathered information about health behaviors on a chiropractic campus, including compliance with recent guidelines for exercise as well as diet, smoking, and binge drinking. We also assessed the perceived importance of the chiropractic physician in role modeling and teaching healthy behaviors to patients.

Methods: A survey instrument composed of 16 questions was designed and distributed to 279 students, faculty, and staff at a chiropractic college campus in northern California.

The notion of a "whiplash culture": a review of the evidence.

Objective: Most whiplash patients eventually recover, although some are left with ongoing pain and impairment. Why some develop long-term symptoms after whiplash, whereas others do not, is largely unknown. One explanation blames the cultural expectations of the population wherein the injury occurred, engendering the moniker whiplash culture.

A review of intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability of static spinal palpation: a literature synthesis.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to locate articles that assessed the reliability of static palpation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, to appraise the quality of these studies, and synthesize their results.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted of chiropractic and medical databases PubMed, Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy System, Index to Chiropractic Literature, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from 1965 through October 2007. Reference sections were inspected for additional citations.

The location of the inferior angle of the scapula in relation to the spinal level of prone patients.

Background: In two previous studies we established the mean location of the upright inferior angle of the scapula (IAS) to be near the spinous process of T8. The current study investigates the common belief that the prone IAS lines up with the T6 SP.

Methods: The location of the IAS in relation to the spine of 20 mostly asymptomatic subjects was assessed on a Hi-Lo table in 7 different postures, 2 upright and 5 prone.

Spinal motion palpation: a comparison of studies that assessed intersegmental end feel vs excursion.

Objective: Spinal motion palpation (MP) is a procedure used to detect intersegmental hypomobility/hypermobility. Different means of assessing intersegmental mobility are described, assessing either excursion of the segments (quantity of movement) or end feel (quality of motion when stressed against the paraphysiological space). The objective of this review was to classify and compare studies based on method of MP used, considering that some studies may have used both methods.

Determining spinal level using the inferior angle of the scapula as a reference landmark: a retrospective analysis of 50 radiographs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which spinal segment most closely corresponds to the level of the inferior angle of the scapula (IAS) using measurements taken on A-P full-spine radiographs.

Methods: Fifty sequentially selected radiographs were analyzed independently by two examiners. A straight edge was used to ascertain which spinal levels corresponded with the right and left IASs.

The etiology of cervical artery dissection.

The etiology of cervical artery dissection (CAD) is unclear, although a number of risk factors have been reported to be associated with the condition. On rare occasions, patients experience CAD after cervical spine manipulation, making knowledge about the cervical arteries, the predisposing factors, and the pathogenesis of the condition of interest to chiropractors. This commentary reports on the relevant anatomy of the cervical arteries, developmental features of CAD, epidemiology of the condition, and mechanisms of dissection.

A review of the use of likelihood ratios in the chiropractic literature.

Objective: The objective of this review is to determine how frequently likelihood ratios (LRs) have been used or described in the chiropractic literature and to depict their appropriate use in the clinical setting.

Methods: A literature search was conducted of the MEDLINE, Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System, and Index to Chiropractic Literature databases, with search years encompassing 1966 through June 2006. Citations in the English language that addressed the following search terms were retrieved: likelihood ratio in combination with manipulation and chiropractic.

Spinous process palpation using the scapular tip as a landmark vs a radiographic criterion standard.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the standing spinal landmark that corresponds to the inferior tip of the scapula and determining the accuracy of experienced palpators in locating a spinous process (SP) 3 levels above and below a given SP.

Methods: The study participants were 34 asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic chiropractic students. An experienced palpator located the inferior scapular tip on each and then positioned a 2-mm lead marker about 5 cm lateral to the nearest SP.

Identification of internal carotid artery dissection in chiropractic practice.

Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is a condition involving separation of the artery's intimal lining from its medial division, with subsequent extension of the dissection along varying distances of the artery, usually in the direction of blood flow. ICAD may produce cerebral ischemia due to occlusion of the involved artery. This occlusion may occur at or near the site of the dissection, or "downstream" as a result of embolization from a dislodged thrombus fragment.

Symptomatic outcomes and perceived satisfaction levels of chiropractic patients with a primary diagnosis involving acute neck pain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which a group of patients with acute neck pain managed with chiropractic manipulative therapy benefited from chiropractic care and the degree to which they were subsequently satisfied.

Methods: A two-part retrospective survey, each composed of 14 questions. One part was completed by practicing doctors of chiropractic concerning various aspects of their treatment for patients with former acute neck pain.

An analysis of the etiology of cervical artery dissections: 1994 to 2003.

Objective: To provide a literature review of the etiologic breakdown of cervical artery dissections.

Methods: A literature search of the MEDLINE database was conducted for English-language articles published from 1994 to 2003 using the search terms cervical artery dissection (CAD), vertebral artery dissection, and internal carotid artery dissection. Articles were selected for inclusion only if they incorporated a minimum of 5 case reports of CAD and contained sufficient information to ascertain a plausible etiology.

Chiropractic manipulation and acute neck pain: a review of the evidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the chiropractic and medical literature in an effort to determine the extent of current evidence supporting the use of chiropractic manipulation for the treatment of acute neck pain.

Methods: A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and MANTIS (Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System) databases, extending from 1966 to September 2003, was conducted. Search terms included "cervical," "neck," "chiropractic," "neck pain," "patient satisfaction," and "manipulation.