Multifaceted Approach to Evaluation in a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Rotation for Medical Students.

Study Objective: We evaluated whether and to what extent a novel medical student rotation in pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) increases clinical knowledge and skills and meets student needs and expectations.

Design: Constructivist prospective pre-post study and post-rotation student survey SETTING: Academic medical center PARTICIPANTS: Pilot study of 9 medical students, which represents the entire population of those who completed the rotation.

Interventions: Four-week clinical rotation in PAG MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in clinical knowledge were measured by a pre- and post-intervention multiple-choice assessment, and clinical skills were assessed before and after the intervention using entrustable professional activities (EPAs); these data were analyzed with paired Student's t tests.

Association Between Sexual Orientation, Mistreatment, and Burnout Among US Medical Students.

Importance: Medical trainee burnout is associated with poor quality care and attrition. Medical students in sexual minority groups report fear of discrimination and increased mistreatment, but the association between sexual orientation, burnout, and mistreatment is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate whether medical student burnout differs by sexual orientation and whether this association is mediated by experiences of mistreatment.

Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Coverage of Hormone Therapies Used by Transgender Individuals.

Although pharmacologic hormone therapy represents one of the mainstays of gender-affirming therapy for transgender individuals, there are many access barriers for these therapies, including insurance coverage of these drugs. The purpose of this study was to examine Medicare coverage of hormone therapies used by transgender individuals. Using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services prescription drug plan formulary files, we determined plan coverage, coverage restrictions, and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for all 10 drugs recommended in the 2009 and 2017 Endocrine Society treatment guidelines for transgender patients.

Exploring crowdfunding campaigns for abortion services.

Objectives: To examine the use of crowdfunding to pay for abortion services for individuals in the United States.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data abstracted from publicly available campaigns for abortion services on four major crowdfunding sites.

Results: Among 92 crowdfunding campaigns, the median amount requested was $610 (IQR $500-$1000), the median raised was $0 (IQR $0-$444), and 19 (21%) campaigns successfully reached their fundraising goal.

Establishing a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Subinternship for Medical Students.

Within the pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) community, an important issue deserving of our attention is expansion of formalized PAG training opportunities for medical students. In addition to those in obstetrics and gynecology, many physicians practicing family medicine, internal medicine, and surgery provide care to young female patients. However, residency programs provide inconsistent training in addressing specific PAG health care needs and communication skills required for delivery of care to pediatric and adolescent patients; opportunities for supervised clinical experience in these areas at the medical school level therefore have great importance because they might not be offered again during some residencies.

Medicare Prescription Drug Plan Formulary Restrictions After Postmarket FDA Black Box Warnings.

Background: The boxed warning (also known as "black box warning") is one of the FDA's strongest safety actions for pharmaceuticals. After the FDA issues black box warnings for drugs, prescribing changes have been inconsistent. Formulary management may provide an opportunity to restrict access to drugs with serious safety concerns.

A Rare and Extreme Case of Vulvar Swelling in the Setting of Nephrotic Syndrome in a Prepubertal Girl.

Background: We present a rare case of severe vulvar edema secondary to steroid-refractory nephrotic syndrome in a prepubertal girl.

Case: The patient is an 8-year-old girl who presented during nephrotic syndrome relapse. She exhibited severe mons pubis and labial edema.

An Analysis of the Presence and Composition of OutLists at United States, Canadian, and European Medical Institutions.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) medical students and physicians are exposed to bias in professional contexts. One strategy for promoting SGM visibility and inclusion within medicine is the development of institutional OutLists, which are online, opt-in lists of SGM-identified individuals affiliated with an academic institution. We present the first quantitative evaluation of publicly accessible OutLists at medical institutions in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Principles and Practices for Developing an Integrated Medical School Curricular Sequence About Sexual and Gender Minority Health.

: Sexual and gender minority patients face well-documented health disparities. One strategy to help overcome disparities is preparing medical trainees to competently provide care for sexual and gender minority patients. The Association of American Medical Colleges has identified professional competencies that medical students should develop to meet sexual and gender minority health needs.

Twelve tips for incorporating and teaching sexual and gender minority health in medical school curricula.

The World Health Organization has identified many barriers to improving the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients, including challenges to incorporating and teaching about healthcare for such patients, which we call "sexual and gender minority" (SGM) health content. These challenges include structural and logistical barriers to incorporating SGM health content into undergraduate medical curricula, as well as lack of support in identifying high-quality pedagogical methods for teaching this material. Here, we provide twelve tips for incorporating and teaching SGM health curricular content in undergraduate medical education, including resources and strategies to support individual educators.