The human brain somatostatin interactome: SST binds selectively to P-type family ATPases.

Somatostatin (SST) is a cyclic peptide that is understood to inhibit the release of hormones and neurotransmitters from a variety of cells by binding to one of five canonical G protein-coupled SST receptors (SSTR1 to SSTR5). Recently, SST was also observed to interact with the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and affect its aggregation kinetics, raising the possibility that it may bind other brain proteins. Here we report on an SST interactome analysis that made use of human brain extracts as biological source material and incorporated advanced mass spectrometry workflows for the relative quantitation of SST binding proteins.

gene mutations in endocrine tumors.

In this review, the importance of the gene in the function of endocrine cells is discussed. There is conclusive evidence that mutations play a crucial role in the development, progression, cell proliferation, therapeutic responsiveness and behavior of several endocrine tumors. We review the literature of gene mutations in thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal gland, endocrine pancreas, paragangliomas, medullary, adrenocortical, ovarian and testicular tumors.

Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease: A new Role for an Old Player.

The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insights into Aβ-interacting proteins are critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ-mediated toxicity. We recently undertook an in-depth in vitro interrogation of the Aβ1-42 interactome using human frontal lobes as the biological source material and taking advantage of advances in mass spectrometry performance characteristics.

Strains of Pathological Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The presence of protein aggregates in the brain is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Considerable evidence has revealed that the pathological protein aggregates in many neurodegenerative diseases are able to self-propagate, which may enable pathology to spread from cell-to-cell within the brain. This property is reminiscent of what occurs in prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Alpha subunit in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas: An immunohistochemical study.

Pituitary adenomas may be classified as either functioning or non-functioning, depending on whether excess hormone secretion can be clinically identified. Of the six hormones produced in the anterior pituitary, TSH, FSH and LH are known as glycoproteins and contain two subunits (α and β). While α-subunit is identical within all of them, each β-subunit is unique and biologically specific.

Assessment of Head Collision Events During the 2014 FIFA World Cup Tournament.

This study uses video footage observations of all 64 matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup to assess the incidence, characteristics, and sideline outcome assessments of player head collisions.

Somatostatin binds to the human amyloid β peptide and favors the formation of distinct oligomers.

The amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a key player in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), yet a systematic investigation of its molecular interactions has not been reported. Here we identified by quantitative mass spectrometry proteins in human brain extract that bind to oligomeric Aβ1-42 (oAβ1-42) and/or monomeric Aβ1-42 (mAβ1-42) baits. Remarkably, the cyclic neuroendocrine peptide somatostatin-14 (SST14) was observed to be the most selectively enriched oAβ1-42 binder.

Cerebrospinal fluid leaks in extended endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: covering all the angles.

Following extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (EETSA), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate has been reported in the range of 5-50 %. Novel closure techniques, such as the nasoseptal flap and other multilayered repairs improved the outcomes significantly but took most of our focus. Little attention, however, was given to other aspects of the equation such as nasal support-to support the heavy weight of such repairs-and lumbar drains.