Primary scleral buckling vs. vitrectomy for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical outcomes.

Topic: To compare anatomic outcomes of primary scleral buckle (SB) vs. lens sparing pars plana vitrectomy (LSV) in treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) associated Stage 4A retinal detachment (RD).

Clinical Relevance: ROP is the leading cause of blindness in childhood in industrialized countries worldwide.

Characteristics associated with blindness or visual impairment within the adolescent demographic: a national cohort analysis.

Background: Psychosocial metrics associated with self-reported blindness or visual impairment for adolescents in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) have not been fully characterized. This retrospective cohort analysis of the latest NSDUH aimed to determine novel characteristics associated with self-reported visual loss among adolescents in the United States.

Methods: Data from the NSDUH2020, a publicly available, federally validated database, were analyzed.

Validation and Feasibility of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinal Screening Criteria at a Level IV Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is detected in preterm infants by standardized screening programs, but in general, they have poor sensitivity. The Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) algorithm uses weight gain to predict ROP superior reported sensitivity. Our objectives are to (1) independently validate the sensitivity of G-ROP criteria for the detection of ROP in infants born at >28 weeks' gestation in a tertiary care unit in the United States and (2) to calculate the cost savings associated with a potential reduction in examinations.

Surgical outcomes following strabismus surgery for abducens nerve palsy.

Purpose: To assess ocular alignment outcomes and their stability for patients who underwent strabismus surgery for abducens nerve palsy and to identify preoperative patient variables that predict surgical success or repeated surgeries.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with abducens nerve palsy and who subsequently underwent strabismus surgery.

Results: A total of 209 patients (386 procedures) were included.

Learning From the 2021 Ophthalmology Match: Virtual Residency Matching During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The effect of virtual interviews on residency match outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. Examining the ophthalmology match may help inform all specialties undergoing virtual interviews.

Objective: To determine the impact of allopathic applicant match characteristics in the first year of the virtual residency Match process.

Evaluation and Management of Symptomatic Vertical Strabismus and Diplopia.

The evaluation and management of vertical strabismus is more challenging and nuanced than that of horizontal strabismus. Vertical strabismus often results from a variety of restrictive or paretic causes, which can be further characterized as either acquired or congenital. In some cases, identifying the correct etiology of the strabismus can mean uncovering a potentially life-threatening condition, such as a brain tumor or stroke.

Correlation of Ophthalmology Residency Application Characteristics with Subsequent Performance in Residency.

 Only from reviewing applications, it is difficult to identify which applicants will be successful ophthalmology residents. The change of the USMLE Step 1 scoring to "Pass/Fail" removes another quantitative metric. We aimed to identify application attributes correlated with successful residency performance.

A case of brain hamartoma in a child leading to compressive optic neuropathy mimicking amblyopia.

Hamartomas are benign neoplastic malformations characterized by disorganized growths of tissue in their native location. They may grow in numerous sites throughout the body. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with unilateral compressive optic neuropathy caused by a brain hamartoma that mimicked strabismic amblyopia.

What did he eat?

A 13-year-old boy reported acute horizontal binocular diplopia and headache. Ten days before these symptoms he suffered from a gastrointestinal infection. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral ophthalmoparesis and diffuse hyporeflexia.

Ocular manifestations of mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis.

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of fever and cough followed by new-onset oral ulcers and conjunctival injection. Clinical examination revealed bilateral 360-degree subconjunctival hemorrhages, which later evolved to corneal epithelial defects, pseudo-membrane formation, and extensive oral mucosal ulceration. Mycoplasma pneumoniae serum IgG and IgM were positive.

Scope of telemedicine in neonatology.

There is a widespread shortage of physicians worldwide, especially in rural areas. This shortage is more prevalent when it comes to subspecialty care, even in developed countries. One way to provide access to specialty care is using technology via telemedicine.

Short-term Outcomes After Very Low-Dose Intravitreous Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance: Intravitreous bevacizumab (0.25 mg to 0.625 mg) is commonly used to treat type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but there are concerns about systemic toxicity, particularly the risk of neurodevelopmental delay.

Gender Differences in Case Volume Among Ophthalmology Residents.

Importance: Although almost equal numbers of male and female medical students enter into ophthalmology residency programs, whether they have similar surgical experiences during training is unclear.

Objective: To determine differences for cataract surgery and total procedural volume between male and female residents during ophthalmology residency.

Design, Setting, Participants: This retrospective, longitudinal analysis of resident case logs from 24 US ophthalmology residency programs spanned July 2005 to June 2017.

A child with unilateral disk elevation.

A healthy 7-year-old girl underwent a routine eye examination and was referred for unilateral, left optic nerve swelling. Best-corrected visual acuity in the affected eye was 20/20 with full Ishihara color plates and no relative afferent pupillary defect. Initial extensive workup was normal for any cause of unilateral disk swelling.

Temporal Profile of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Extremely Premature Compared to Premature Infants.

Purpose: To compare the time course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature (≥ 28 to 34 weeks' gestational age) and extremely premature (< 28 weeks' gestational age) infants.

Methods: This study was a retrospective single-center chart review that included 582 eyes (122 premature, 464 extremely premature) of 299 infants (65 premature, 234 extremely premature) diagnosed as having ROP who were born between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. Data collected were analyzed with shared frailty models, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests.

Probability of Success in the Ophthalmology Residency Match: Three-Year Outcomes Analysis of San Francisco Matching Program Data.

Objective: To develop a probability model of matching into a US ophthalmology residency program using San Francisco Matching Program (SF Match) data.

Design: Retrospective data analysis of de-identified application and matching data.

Participants: Registrants for the 2013, 2014, and 2015 ophthalmology residency matches conducted by the SF Match.

Assessment of Outcomes With a Sedation Protocol During Laser Photocoagulation in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Objectives: To evaluate the success of a sedation protocol of fentanyl and midazolam infusions for infants undergoing laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: This retrospective study included infants receiving a sedation protocol for laser photocoagulation during a 4-year period. The primary objective was protocol success, defined as completion without interruption, absence of protocol dose deviations, and absence of interventions.

Divergence insufficiency alleviated by posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty in a patient with Chiari type 1.5 malformation.

The authors present a case of Chiari type 1.5 malformation with the uncommon presenting symptoms of esotropia and diplopia due to divergence insufficiency in a 12-year-old girl. Imaging at initial diagnosis revealed cerebellar herniation with extension of the tonsils to the C2 vertebral body, a retroflexed odontoid, and a small cervical syrinx.

Sedation Protocol During Bevacizumab Intravitreal Injection in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Objectives: This study describes outcomes of intravenous (IV) analgesics and sedatives for bedside intravitreal bevacizumab injections for retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: This retrospective study included infants receiving intravitreal bevacizumab injections between January 2012 and May 2016. Infants were excluded if bevacizumab was administered under general anesthesia or for incomplete records.