Effects of a sorbitol-containing additive fed to dairy cows for 30 days postpartum.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of early postpartum supplementation of Rally®, a sorbitol-containing feed additive (RAL), on lactation performance and automatic milking system (AMS) metrics on a commercial dairy farm. Multiparous (MT) and primiparous (PP) Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either RAL supplementation (570 g/d RAL; RAL-MT, n = 75, RAL-PP, n = 34) or control (CTL-MT, n = 72; CTL-PP, n = 38). The RAL cows were supplemented from 1 to 30 d in milk via an automated feed dispenser in the AMS.

Impact of Operational Parameters on Pathogen Lethality in Dry and Semi-dry Uncooked Fermented Sausages.

The safety of uncooked fermented, dried sausages relies upon controlled fermentation and drying that inactivates pathogenic bacteria. Current guidelines for the production of fermented sausages by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety Inspection Services (FSIS) and related research highlight specific safety parameters. The confidence that processing steps, which do not include cooking, inherently mitigate microbial risks, is challenged by the resilience of pathogens in the dry and acidic environments of these food products.

Auditory roughness: a delicate balance.

Auditory roughness in medical alarm sounds is an important design attribute, and has been shown to impact user performance and perception. While roughness can assist in decreased signal-to-noise ratios (perceived loudness) and communicate urgency, it might also impact patient recovery. Therefore, considerations of neuroscience correlates, music theory, and patient impact are critical aspects to investigate in order to optimise alarm design.

Response to ad libitum milk allowance by crossbred dairy and dairy-beef calves in an automated feeding system.

The objective of this study was to compare three-breed rotational crossbred calves sired by Holstein, Jersey, Montbéliarde, Normande, Viking Red, and Limousin bulls with Holstein's calves fed a high milk allowance for growth, milk consumption, health scores, and profitability in an automated group feeding system. Breed groups were Holstein ( = 16), crossbreds of Montbéliarde, Viking Red, and Holstein ( = 24), crossbreds of Jersey, Normande, and Viking Red ( = 6), and Limousin crossbred beef × dairy ( = 45) calves. Calves were randomly assigned within the breed to one of two treatments from September 2019 to June 2020 at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center in Morris, MN.

Von Gierke Disease (Glycogen Storage Disease Type I) and Life-Threatening Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report of an Extremely Rare Condition.

Von Gierke disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type I, co-existent with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), is an extremely rare combination of diseases that requires challenging therapeutic measures. We present, for the first time in literature, the case of a 62-year-old female with von Gierke disease who required open surgical repair of an AAA with challenging neck anatomy outside of instructions for use of endovascular repair. Even though the surgical risks for life-threatening complications, such as pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis, and kidney failure, were high, the 6-month postoperative course was uneventful.

Improving detectability of auditory interfaces for medical alarms through temporal variation in amplitude envelope.

Background: Auditory interfaces play a vital role in many applications, informing users about both urgent and routine information critical to safety. Unfortunately, problems related to high alarm rates, low reliability, and sound annoyance create barriers to optimising the quality of patient care in perioperative medicine and critical care. Here, we explore how to reduce annoyance and improve detection by manipulating a sound's temporal envelope or the way its energy changes over time.

More detectable, less annoying: Temporal variation in amplitude envelope and spectral content improves auditory interface efficacy.

Auditory interfaces, such as auditory alarms, are useful tools for human computer interaction. Unfortunately, poor detectability and annoyance inhibit the efficacy of many interface sounds. Here, it is shown in two ways how moving beyond the traditional simplistic temporal structures of normative interface sounds can significantly improve auditory interface efficacy.

Perceptions of Audio-Visual Impact Events in Younger and Older Adults.

Previous studies have examined whether audio-visual integration changes in older age, with some studies reporting age-related differences and others reporting no differences. Most studies have either used very basic and ambiguous stimuli (e.g.

Decaying amplitude envelopes reduce alarm annoyance: Exploring new approaches to improving auditory interfaces.

Auditory alarms offer great potential for facilitating human-computer interactions in complex, rapidly changing environments. They are particularly useful in medical settings, where in theory they should afford communication in emergency rooms, operating theatres, and hospitals around the world. Unfortunately, the sounds typically used in these devices are problematic, and researchers have documented numerous shortcomings.

Growth modulation of angular deformities with a novel constant force implant concept-preclinical results.

Purpose: Varus-valgus deformities in children and adolescents are often corrected by temporary hemi-epiphysiodesis, in which the physis is bridged by an implant to inhibit growth. With standard implant solutions, the acting forces cannot be regulated, rendering the correction difficult to control. Furthermore, the implant load steadily increases with ongoing growth potentially leading to implant-related failures.

Emotion and expertise: how listeners with formal music training use cues to perceive emotion.

Although studies of musical emotion often focus on the role of the composer and performer, the communicative process is also influenced by the listener's musical background or experience. Given the equivocal nature of evidence regarding the effects of musical training, the role of listener expertise in conveyed musical emotion remains opaque. Here we examine emotional responses of musically trained listeners across two experiments using (1) eight measure excerpts, (2) musically resolved excerpts and compare them to responses collected from untrained listeners in Battcock and Schutz (2019).

Re-Sounding Alarms: Designing Ergonomic Auditory Interfaces by Embracing Musical Insights.

Auditory alarms are an important component of human-computer interfaces, used in mission-critical industries such as aviation, nuclear power plants, and hospital settings. Unfortunately, problems with recognition, detection, and annoyance continue to hamper their effectiveness. Historically, they appear designed more in response to engineering constraints than principles of hearing science.

Efficiency of Crude Protein Utilisation in Grazing Dairy Cows: A Case Study Comparing Two Production Systems Differing in Intensification Level in New Zealand.

In this study, we modelled and compared lactation curves of efficiency of crude protein utilisation (ECPU) and the nitrogen (N) excreta partitioning of milking cows of two contrasting spring-calving pasture-based herds to test some aspects of farming intensification practices on cow performance and N partition. In the low-intensity production system (LIPS), 257 cows were milked once-daily and fed diets comprised of pasture with low supplementary feed inclusion during lactation (304 kg pasture silage/cow). In the high-intensity production system (HIPS), 207 cows were milked twice-daily and fed pasture with higher supplementary feed inclusion (429 kg pasture silage and 1695 kg concentrate/cow).

On the generalization of tones: A detailed exploration of non-speech auditory perception stimuli.

The dynamic changes in natural sounds' temporal structures convey important event-relevant information. However, prominent researchers have previously expressed concern that non-speech auditory perception research disproportionately uses simplistic stimuli lacking the temporal variation found in natural sounds. A growing body of work now demonstrates that some conclusions and models derived from experiments using simplistic tones fail to generalize, raising important questions about the types of stimuli used to assess the auditory system.

Comparison of sonication with chemical biofilm dislodgement methods using chelating and reducing agents: Implications for the microbiological diagnosis of implant associated infection.

The diagnosis of implant-associated infections is hampered due to microbial adherence and biofilm formation on the implant surface. Sonication of explanted devices was shown to improve the microbiological diagnosis by physical removal of biofilms. Recently, chemical agents have been investigated for biofilm dislodgement such as the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT).

Current Status of Musculoskeletal Trauma Care Systems Worldwide.

Background And Rationale: Although general trauma care systems and their effects on mortality reduction have been studied, little is known of the current state of musculoskeletal trauma delivery globally, particularly in low-income (LI) and low middle-income (LMI) countries. The goal of this study is to assess and describe the development and availability of musculoskeletal trauma care delivery worldwide.

Materials & Methods: A questionnaire was developed to evaluate different characteristics of general and musculoskeletal trauma care systems, including general aspects of systems, education, access to care and pre- and posthospital care.

Acoustic Constraints and Musical Consequences: Exploring Composers' Use of Cues for Musical Emotion.

Emotional communication in music is based in part on the use of pitch and timing, two cues effective in emotional speech. Corpus analyses of natural speech illustrate that happy utterances tend to be higher and faster than sad. Although manipulations altering melodies show that passages changed to be higher and faster sound happier, corpus analyses of unaltered music paralleling those of natural speech have proven challenging.

[Antibiotic strategies in trauma surgery : Treatment of implant-associated infections].

Implant-associated infections represent a serious complication following fracture management. Due to biofilm formation, an optimized treatment strategy is required to treat these infections. Interdisciplinary cooperation between trauma surgeon, infectious diseases specialist and microbiologist enables the deployment of a concerted surgical and antibiotic treatment concept, which significantly influences treatment success.

[Radiologic Presentation in Subspine Impingement and Correlation with Intraarticular Impingement in the Hip].

Besides the known intraarticular femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), recently forms of extra-articular impingement of the hip have been increasingly recognized. Recent studies have described an extra-articular impingement between a distal extension of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and the femoral neck (AIIS or subspine impingement). Evidently, an association between this subspine impingement and an intraarticular FAI seems to exist.

Economic considerations of breeding for polled dairy cows versus dehorning in the United States.

This paper examines the costs and benefits of selecting for polled dairy heifers versus traditional dehorning practices. Stochastic budgets were developed to analyze the expected costs (EC) associated with polled dairy genetics. The economic assessment was expanded beyond on-farm cash costs by incorporating cost and benefit estimates to generate industry-wide discussion, and preliminary economic evaluations, surrounding the public acceptance and attitude toward polled genetics versus dehorning calves.

Temporal prediction abilities are mediated by motor effector and rhythmic expertise.

Motor synchronization is a critical part of musical performance and listening. Recently, motor control research has described how movements that contain more available degrees of freedom are more accurately timed. Previously, we demonstrated that stick tapping improves perception in a timing detection task, where percussionists greatly outperformed non-percussionists only when tapping along.

Composing alarms: considering the musical aspects of auditory alarm design.

Short melodies are commonly linked to referents in jingles, ringtones, movie themes, and even auditory displays (i.e., sounds used in human-computer interactions).

Injectable autologous chondrocyte transplantation for full thickness acetabular cartilage defects: early clinical results.

Introduction: Acetabular cartilage lesions are frequently seen in young patients with hip pain and have been identified as an important prognostic factor. New therapies have complemented abrasion and microfracture procedures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the early outcome of patients with arthroscopic injectable autologous chondrocyte transplantations (ACT) for full thickness acetabular cartilage defects.