Categorization of multiple sclerosis relapse subtypes by B cell profiling in the blood.

Introduction: B cells are attracting increasing attention in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). B cell-targeted therapies with monoclonal antibodies or plasmapheresis have been shown to be successful in a subset of patients. Here, patients with either relapsing-remitting (n = 24) or secondary progressive (n = 6) MS presenting with an acute clinical relapse were screened for their B cell reactivity to brain antigens and were re-tested three to nine months later.

Tolerability of sialendoscopy under local anesthesia.

Objectives: We sought to investigate patients' tolerance of sialendoscopy of the parotid and submandibular glands with local anesthesia.

Methods: In a retrospective case series of 84 adult patients who underwent sialendoscopy with local anesthesia at an academic tertiary referral hospital, we analyzed patients' demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status score, perioperative cardiovascular parameters, and results on a 2-question survey.

Results: Of the 84 patients, 44 were female and 40 were male (mean age, 48.