Health Literacy, Blood Pressure Variability, and Domain‐specific Cognitive Changes.

Background: Both limited health literacy (HL) and elevated blood pressure variability (BPV) in later life have been associated with the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relationship between HL, BPV, and domain‐specific cognitive decline. We aimed to examine this relationship among primary care older adults.

Sleep health, cognitive function, and self‐management skills in middle‐aged adults.

Background: Poor sleep health has been associated with worse cognitive and health outcomes in older adults. Less is known about this relationship in midlife. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between self‐reported sleep health, cognitive function, and performance on common health tasks among middle‐aged adults, as sleep may be a modifiable target to address later life risk of cognitive decline.

Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Social determinants of health have been associated with disparities in health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. While individual‐level disparities have been characterized, more research is needed into structural social determinants of health (SSDoH) and their association with cognitive outcomes, especially for those in midlife. This study aimed to investigate the association between SSDoH and subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairment.

Utility of the PROMIS Physical Function measure using differential item functioning among individuals with cognitive impairment.

Background: Impaired functional status is a central diagnostic feature of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Informant reporting is often relied upon, given concerns surrounding the ability of persons with ADRD to validly self‐report symptoms. We sought to investigate how cognitive impairment severity impacts psychometric properties of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS‐PF) scale.

Psychometric properties of the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire (PCQ) adapted for cognitive screening.

Background: Context‐specific measures with high content validity are needed to adequately determine psychosocial effects related to screening for cognitive impairment. The objective of this investigation was to examine psychometric properties of the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire (PCQ), a measure of psychological impact of medical screening, adapted for cognitive screening in primary care.

Methods: Two‐hundred adults aged ≥65 recently completing routine, standardized cognitive screening as part of their Medicare Annual Wellness Visit were administered the adapted PCQ measure, comprised of negative (PCQ‐Neg) and positive (PCQ‐Pos) scales.

Digital Cognitive Screening in Primary Care: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability of the MyCog Measurement System.

Background: Annual cognitive screening in older adults is essential for early detection of cognitive impairment, yet less than half of cases are detected in primary care. We introduce two innovative app‐based screeners that help overcome barriers to routine cognitive screening. MyCog is a tablet app that is self‐administered in person during the rooming process for a primary care visit (Figure 1).

Differential item functioning of patient‐reported outcomes measures of anxiety and depression by severity of cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Patient‐reported outcomes are increasingly being utilized in clinical settings to identify psychological symptoms and track fluctuations over time. Some clinicians and researchers have expressed concerns about the validity of symptom questionnaires cognitively impaired populations. We sought to determine if differential item functioning (DIF) is present based on cognitive impairment using the patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) inventories of anxiety and depression.

Digital Cognitive Screening in Primary Care: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability of the MyCog Measurement System.

Background: Annual cognitive screening in older adults is essential for early detection of cognitive impairment, yet less than half of cases are detected in primary care. We introduce two innovative app‐based screeners that help overcome barriers to routine cognitive screening. MyCog is a tablet app that is self‐administered in person during the rooming process for a primary care visit (Figure 1).

Variations in the management of pediatric cerebral vasospasm.

Objective: Pediatric cerebral vasospasm (PCV) is associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but aSAH is uncommon in children. No universal guidelines exist for PCV management. The authors sought to assess variations in practice patterns in pediatric aSAH and PCV management.

Phenotyping Adherence Through Technology-Enabled Reports and Navigation (the PATTERN Study): Qualitative Study for Intervention Adaptation Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment Framework.

Background: Older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and polypharmacy often face challenges with medication adherence. Nonadherence can lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes, adverse drug events, and poor quality of life.

Objective: To facilitate medication adherence among older adults with MCC and polypharmacy in primary care, we are adapting a technology-enabled intervention previously implemented in a specialty clinic.

Perceptions of brain health and aging among middle-aged latinos: A qualitative paper.

Objectives: Latinos living in the US are disproportionately impacted by Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). To develop culturally-informed interventions, a first step is engaging with key stakeholders. The present study aimed to explore perspectives on brain health and aging among middle-aged Latinos living in Chicago, IL.

Managing medications among individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Patient-caregiver perspectives.

Background: With changing cognitive abilities, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia face challenges in successfully managing multidrug regimens. We sought to understand how individuals with MCI or dementia and their family caregivers manage multidrug regimens and better understand patient-to-caregiver transitions in medication management responsibilities.

Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews among patient-caregiver dyads.

Patient factors associated with telehealth quality and experience among adults with chronic conditions.

Objective: To evaluate patient-reported experiences of telehealth and disparities in access, use, and satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: We examined data from the fifth wave of the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (C3) study conducted between December 2020 and March 2021.

Results: Of the 718 participants, 342 (47.

Behavioral Science: Enhancing Our Approach to the Development of Effective Additional Risk Minimization Strategies.

Additional risk minimization strategies may be required to assure a positive benefit-risk balance for some therapeutic products associated with serious adverse drug reactions/risks of use, without which these products may be otherwise unavailable to patients. The goals of risk minimization strategies are often fundamentally to influence the behavior of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and/or patients and can include appropriate patient selection, provision of education and counselling, appropriate medication use, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and adoption of other elements to assure safe use, such as pregnancy prevention. Current approaches to additional risk minimization strategy development rely heavily on information provision, without full consideration of the contextual factors and multi-level influences on patient and HCP behaviors that impact adoption and long-term adherence to these interventions.

Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Depression Among Middle Aged and Older Adults in Primary Care.

To determine rates of previously undetected cognitive impairment among patients with depression in primary care. Patients ages 55 and older with no documented history of dementia or mild cognitive impairment were recruited from primary care practices in New York City, NY and Chicago, IL ( = 855). Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8.

Missed Healthcare Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Missed visits have been estimated to cost the U.S. healthcare system $50 billion annually and have been linked to healthcare inefficiency, higher rates of emergency department visits, and worse outcomes.

Caregiver health literacy and health task performance: Findings from the LitCog caregiver cohort study.

Objective: Many older adults receive assistance in managing their chronic conditions. Yet complicating the utility of caregiver support is whether caregivers have sufficient skills to aid in older adults' health management at home. We examined associations between caregiver health literacy and performance on health tasks.

Characterizing Caregiver Roles and Conflict in Health Management Support to Older People With Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Caregivers provide critical support for older adults managing multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), but few studies describe the assistance caregivers provide or identify factors influencing their provision of support. We conducted qualitative interviews with 25 caregivers to older adults with MCCs to describe caregivers' roles and identify the factors that influence caregivers' ability to carry out these roles. Transcripts were analyzed using the Framework Method.