Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant : Trends and seasonality in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2022.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) , including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing , are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.

Reducing antimicrobial use in livestock alone may be not sufficient to reduce antimicrobial resistance among human infections: an ecological study in the Netherlands.

Reducing antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock may be one of the keys to limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial populations, including zoonotic pathogens. This study assessed the temporal association between AMU in livestock and AMR among isolates from human infections in the Netherlands between 2004 - 2020. Moreover, the associations between AMU and AMR in livestock and between AMR in livestock and AMR in human isolates were assessed.

Advancing One Health education: integrative pedagogical approaches and their impacts on interdisciplinary learning.

One Health is an integrative approach that emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, advocating for collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts to address health challenges, particularly amid globalization and emerging threats. This paper examines the integration of One Health principles into global health education, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative pedagogical approaches. It evaluates various teaching methods, including problem-based learning (PBL), team-based learning (TBL), simulation-based education (SBE), case-based learning (CBL), interdisciplinary workshops and seminars (IWS), and service-learning (SL), analyzing their strengths and weaknesses in fostering interdisciplinary understanding and practical application of One Health concepts.

Whole-genome sequencing for antimicrobial surveillance: species-specific quality thresholds and data evaluation from the network of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance genomic proficiency tests of 2021 and 2022.

As antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance shifts to genomics, ensuring the quality of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data produced across laboratories is critical. Participation in genomic proficiency tests (GPTs) not only increases individual laboratories' WGS capacity but also provides a unique opportunity to improve species-specific thresholds for WGS quality control (QC) by repeated resequencing of distinct isolates. Here, we present the results of the EU Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR) network GPTs of 2021 and 2022, which included 25 EU national reference laboratories (NLRs).

Association between antimicrobial usage in livestock and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from human urinary tract infections in the Netherlands, 2009-2020.

Background: In the last decade, veterinary antimicrobial usage (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among indicator bacteria in livestock have decreased substantially in the Netherlands. The extent to which this decrease has affected AMR levels among human infections remains unclear.

Objectives: To assess the association between AMU in livestock and AMR in Escherichia coli isolates from human urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Towards facilitated interpretation of shotgun metagenomics long-read sequencing data analyzed with KMA for the detection of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance genes.

Metagenomic sequencing is a promising method that has the potential to revolutionize the world of pathogen detection and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in food-producing environments. However, the analysis of the huge amount of data obtained requires performant bioinformatics tools and databases, with intuitive and straightforward interpretation. In this study, based on long-read metagenomics data of chicken fecal samples with a spike-in mock community, we proposed confidence levels for taxonomic identification and AMR gene detection, with interpretation guidelines, to help with the analysis of the output data generated by KMA, a popular mer read alignment tool.

Comparing the transmission of carbapenemase-producing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli between broiler chickens.

The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a threat to public health, because of their resistance to clinically important carbapenem antibiotics. The emergence of CPE in meat-producing animals is particularly worrying because consumption of meat contaminated with resistant bacteria comparable to CPE, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, contributed to colonization in humans worldwide. Currently, no data on the transmission of CPE in livestock is available.

Implementation of WGS analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli within EU AMR monitoring in livestock and meat.

Background: As WGS comes of age, changes in EU legislation implemented in 2021 allow its usage for systematic monitoring of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from livestock and meat, replacing phenotypic testing. Presently, phenotypic testing correlates well with antimicrobial resistance predicted from WGS data. WGS has added value in the wealth of additional information that is present in the data.

Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL-AmpC Producing as An Example-Challenges and Perspectives.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among the most important AMR pathogens, resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) is a perfect example of the One Health problem due to its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources and its resistant phenotype, derived from the carriage of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases, which limits the choice of effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology of ESC-EC infection is complex as a result of the multiple possible sources involved in its transmission, and its study would require databases ideally comprising information from animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), human, and environmental sources.

Antibiotic resistance genes, mobile elements, virulence genes, and phages in cultivated ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of poultry origin in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria.

The paucity of information on the genomic diversity of drug-resistant bacteria in most food-producing animals, including poultry in Nigeria, has led to poor hazard characterization and the lack of critical control points to safeguard public health. Hence, this study used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the presence and the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, virulence genes, and phages in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL - E. coli) isolates obtained from poultry via the EURL guideline of 2017 in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Intracellular Transposition of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with the Colistin Resistance Gene .

Mobile colistin resistance () genes are often located on conjugative plasmids, where their association with insertion sequences enables intercellular and intracellular dissemination throughout bacterial replicons and populations. Multiple genes have been discovered in every habitable continent, in many bacterial species, on both plasmids and integrated into the chromosome. Previously, we showed the intercellular transfer of on an IncI1 plasmid, pMCR-E2899, between strains of Escherichia coli.

Detection of an IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing at a Swedish feed mill.

Occurrence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in livestock is of concern as they can spread to humans. A potential introduction route for these bacteria to livestock could be animal feed. We therefore wanted to identify if spp.

and genes in methicillin-resistant from humans and livestock in the Netherlands.

Background: Although the Netherlands is a country with a low endemic level of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), a national MRSA surveillance has been in place since 1989. In 2003 livestock emerged as a major reservoir of MRSA and currently livestock-associated MRSA (clonal complex CC398) make up 25% of all surveillance isolates. To assess possible transfer of resistant strains or resistance genes, MRSA obtained from humans and animals were characterized in detail.

Succession in the caecal microbiota of developing broilers colonised by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli.

Background: Broilers are among the most common and dense poultry production systems, where antimicrobials have been used extensively to promote animal health and performance. The continuous usage of antimicrobials has contributed to the appearance of resistant bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec). Here, we studied the ESBL-Ec prevalence and successional dynamics of the caecal microbiota of developing broilers in a commercial flock during their production life cycle (0-35 days).

Longitudinal study on the prevalence of extended spectrum cephalosporins-resistant Escherichia coli colonization in Dutch veal farms.

A longitudinal study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli colonization in Dutch veal farms. Rectal swabs from 683 calves born in 13 Dutch dairy farms were collected one day prior to transportation to the veal farm at 14 or 28 days of age, and at 5 different time points 8 Dutch veal farms. In addition, characteristics of the calf, cows, and farm management were collected.

Changes in Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Dutch Veal Calves by Clonal Spread of .

This study aimed to characterize the changes in fecal carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in a single Dutch veal calves. During the rearing period at the Dutch veal farm, a decrease in fecal carriage of cefotaxime-resistant isolates was observed after 2 weeks at the veal farm, while an increase of cefotaxime-resistant isolates was demonstrated. and were isolated from rectal swabs collected from 110 veal calves in week 2, 6, 10, 18, and 24 after their arrival at the farm.

A role for ColV plasmids in the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli ST58.

Escherichia coli ST58 has recently emerged as a globally disseminated uropathogen that often progresses to sepsis. Unlike most pandemic extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), which belong to pathogenic phylogroup B2, ST58 belongs to the environmental/commensal phylogroup B1.

in Swiss and Dutch Guinea Pigs-Occurrence and Genetic Diversity.

is a known pathogen in guinea pigs, causing conjunctivitis, respiratory infections and abortions. Recently, a -induced zoonotic link was identified as the etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia in humans. Here, 784 conjunctival and rectal swabs originating from 260 guinea pigs and 110 rabbits from 64 husbandries in Switzerland, as well as 200 composite conjunctival swabs originating from 878 guinea pigs from 37 husbandries in The Netherlands were examined by real-time PCR followed by conventional PCR and sequencing.

Temperature and Nutrient Limitations Decrease Transfer of Conjugative IncP-1 Plasmid pKJK5 to Wild Strains.

Plasmid-mediated dissemination of antibiotic resistance among fecal in natural ecosystems may contribute to the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in anthropogenically impacted environments. Plasmid transfer frequencies measured under laboratory conditions might lead to overestimation of plasmid transfer potential in natural ecosystems. This study assessed differences in the conjugative transfer of an IncP-1 (pKJK5) plasmid to three natural strains carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, by filter mating.

Latent class analysis to assess whole-genome sequencing versus broth microdilution for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in livestock.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring in animals is performed in commensal Escherichia coli, and other microorganisms relevant for human or veterinary health. Due to advances in the field and major reductions in cost, it is expected that whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) will (partly) replace culture-based AST. So far, no studies have been performed without using culture-based AST as the gold standard.

Plasmids conferring resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases including a rare IncN+IncR multireplicon carrying in recovered from migrating barnacle geese ( ).

Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and wild migratory birds may act as mediators of resistant bacteria across country borders. Our objective was to study extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) producing in barnacle geese using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and to identify plasmids harboring genes. Barnacle geese feces (n=200) were collected during fall 2017 and spring 2018 from an urban area in Helsinki, Finland.