Comparison of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hippocampus to Thalamic Targets and Responsive Neurostimulation for Adult Intractable Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Stereotactic neuromodulation, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as some of the more promising means for managing drug-resistant epilepsy. This study serves as a comprehensive analysis of DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), centromedian thalamic nucleus (CMT), and hippocampus and RNS for seizure reduction in adult intractable epilepsy.

Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2000 to January 2024 to objectively assess the effectiveness of the various neuromodulation modalities on seizure reduction.

1-Piece Versus 2-Piece Fronto-Temporo-Orbito-Zygomatic Craniotomy: A Narrative Overview of Evolution.

Background: The fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic (FTOZ) craniotomy is a commonly utilized surgical approach for many complex skull base lesions, especially lesions traversing skull base compartments. This craniotomy has evolved over multiple stages, originating from the classic pterional craniotomy and many variations that have emerged over time.

Methods: Few clinical and anatomic studies have both shaped these craniotomies as well as provided immense information about instances in which they are most useful.

Gout Treatment and Clinical Considerations: The Role of Pegloticase, Colchicine, and Febuxostat.

Gout treatment has evolved rapidly in recent decades, and various drugs have been designed for acute and chronic management. Three medications used to treat gout include pegloticase, colchicine, and febuxostat. When prescribing these drugs, important factors to consider include pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, population specifics, benefits, and contraindications.