Gait Disorders and Falls in the Elderly.

Gait disorders in the elderly may be based on a neurologic deficit at multiples levels, or may be secondary to nonneurologic causes. The physiology and pathophysiology of gait problems are reviewed and bedside examination and investigative tools are discussed. The reader will have an excellent working knowledge of the subject and will know how to diagnose and treat gait disorders and falls.

Angiographic Findings in the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome and Resolution after Corticosteroid Treatment.

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare clinical condition characterized by painful opthalmoparesis associated with idiopathic granulomatous inflammation of the orbital apex and cavernous sinus. Historically, this condition was thought to result from arteritic changes in the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus. Modern digital angiographic techniques were unavailable when THS was initially described, and few reports exist on its high-resolution angiographic findings.

Vertebral artery compression of the medulla.

Background: Intracranial arteries in the subarachnoid space may compress the brain parenchyma and cranial nerves. Most arterial compressive lesions have been attributed to dolichoectasia in the vertebral-basilar system, and prior reports have concentrated on the pressure effects of basilar artery ectasia. Much less is known about vertebral artery compression of the medulla.

On the coincidence of cervical spondylosis and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cervical spondylosis are relatively common diseases. It is therefore inevitable that the MS clinician will be confronted with patients with myelopathy in whom the two conditions coexist. When faced with an MS patient who has cord compression secondary to cervical spondylosis as well as cord demyelination, the issue of surgical decompression of the cord arises.