Publications by authors named "Michael R Sayre"

Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers analyzed data from 376 patients over four years, finding similar rates of advanced airway management and no significant differences in intubation rates or mortality between the two medications.
  • * The conclusion indicates that both midazolam and ketamine have comparable safety profiles in terms of requiring emergency airway interventions for patients with acute behavioral disturbances.
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Background: The majority of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur among individuals in the general population, for whom there is no established strategy to identify risk. In this study, we assess the use of electronic health record (EHR) data to identify OHCA in the general population and define salient factors contributing to OHCA risk.

Methods: The analytical cohort included 2366 individuals with OHCA and 23 660 age- and sex-matched controls receiving health care at the University of Washington.

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Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often seen in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aim to test whether inflammatory or endothelial injury markers are associated with the development of ARDS in patients hospitalized after OHCA.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, cohort, pilot study at an urban academic medical center in 2019 that included a convenience sample of adults with non-traumatic OHCA.

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Background: Telecommunicator CPR (T-CPR), whereby emergency dispatch facilitates cardiac arrest recognition and coaches CPR over the telephone, is an important strategy to increase early recognition and bystander CPR in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Little is known about this treatment strategy in the pediatric population. We investigated the role of T-CPR and related performance among pediatric OHCA.

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Advanced stroke treatment is time-dependent and, therefore, relies on recognition by call-takers at prehospital telehealth services to ensure fast hospitalisation. This study aims to develop and assess the potential of machine learning in improving prehospital stroke recognition during medical helpline calls. We used calls from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in Copenhagen to develop a machine learning-based classification pipeline.

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Introduction: Automated cardiac arrest diagnosis offers the possibility to significantly shorten the interval between onset of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and notification of EMS, providing the opportunity for earlier resuscitation and possibly increased survival.

Methods: Automated cardiac arrest diagnosis was one of six focus topics for the Wolf Creek XVII Conference held on June 14-17 2023 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Conference invitees included international thought leaders and scientists in the field of cardiac arrest resuscitation from academia and industry.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed the effects of two neuromuscular blocking agents, succinylcholine and rocuronium, during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) performed by emergency medical services on patients without cardiac arrest.
  • Both medications showed similar Cormack-Lehane grades (views during laryngoscopy) and first-attempt success rates, with 84% for succinylcholine and 83% for rocuronium.
  • The time from drug administration to the first intubation attempt was shorter for succinylcholine (57 seconds) compared to rocuronium (83 seconds), and peri-intubation hypoxemia rates were comparable for both drugs, around 25% for succinylcholine and
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Background: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies respond to hundreds of thousands of acute overdose events each year. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of EMS patients who survived a prior opioid overdose in 2019-2021 in King County, Washington.

Methods: A novel record linkage algorithm was applied to EMS electronic health records and the state vital statistics registry to identify repeat overdoses and deaths that occurred up to 3 years following the index opioid overdose.

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Aim: Prior studies have reported increased out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) incidence and lower survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated how the COVID-19 pandemic affected OHCA incidence, bystander CPR rate and patients' outcomes, accounting for regional COVID-19 incidence and OHCA characteristics.

Methods: Individual patient data meta-analysis of studies which provided a comparison of OHCA incidence during the first pandemic wave (COVID-period) with a reference period of the previous year(s) (pre-COVID period).

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Introduction: Little is known about the impact of tidal volumes delivered by emergency medical services (EMS) to adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). A large urban EMS system changed from standard adult ventilation bags to small adult bags. We hypothesized that the incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at the end of EMS care would increase after this change.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how COVID-19 may impact the rates and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases in Seattle and King County from 2018 to 2021.
  • It compares data from the prepandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) periods to assess changes in OHCA incidence and survival rates.
  • Findings show a 19% increase in OHCA cases during the pandemic, with only 6.2% of those treated by EMS testing positive for COVID-19 at the time of arrest, indicating that factors beyond SARS-CoV-2 might be influencing OHCA trends.
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Introduction: Shock after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is often treated with vasopressors. We examined whether infusion of epinephrine versus norepinephrine was associated with prehospital rearrest and neurologically favorable survival among OHCA patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included OHCA cases in Seattle, Washington from 2014-2021 who had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) followed by vasopressor infusion.

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Background: The compensatory reserve index (CRI) is a noninvasive, continuous measure designed to detect intravascular volume loss. CRI is derived from the pulse oximetry waveform and reflects the proportion of physiologic reserve remaining before clinical hemodynamic decompensation. Methods: In this prospective, observational, prehospital cohort study, we measured CRI in injured patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS) to a single Level I trauma center.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate chest compression rates (CCR) with and without the use of a metronome during treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort investigation of non-traumatic OHCA cases treated by Seattle Fire Department from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. The exposure was a metronome running during CPR at a rate of 110 beats per minute.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to determine if adding a head-to-pelvis CT scan improves the diagnosis and speed of identifying causes for out-of-hospital circulatory arrest (OHCA).
  • Results showed that using the CT scan improved the diagnostic yield from 75% to 92% and significantly reduced the time to diagnosis by about 78%.
  • The study concluded that early SDCT scanning is safe and enhances diagnostic efficiency for OHCA causes compared to the standard care approach, with similar patient survival rates.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of early echocardiography in identifying cardiac causes of sudden death and its potential impact on patient prognosis after resuscitation.
  • After reviewing 2877 articles, only 16 studies (involving 2035 patients) met the criteria, indicating a very limited pool of research in this area.
  • The findings revealed that while echocardiographic indicators like regional wall motion abnormalities were linked to cardiac issues, there was no consistent association between left ventricular function and survival outcomes, highlighting the need for more research to better utilize echocardiography in post-resuscitation care.
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Introduction: Guidelines recommend monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide (ECO) during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), though its prognostic value is poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between ECO and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after defibrillation in intubated non-traumatic OHCA patients.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort analysis included adult OHCA patients who received a defibrillation shock during treatment by an urban EMS agency from 2015 to 2021.

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Aim: We sought to determine if the difference between PCO and ECO is associated with hospital mortality and neurologic outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OHCA over 3 years. The primary exposure was the PCO-ECO difference on hospital arrival.

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Importance: Epinephrine improves return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). These beneficial cardiac effects do not directly translate to better neurologic outcomes, possibly because of epinephrine-induced microvascular effects that produce critical brain ischemia.

Objective: To examine whether targeted temperature management (TTM) modifies the adverse association between increasing prehospital epinephrine dose and neurologically favorable survival.

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Introduction: Chest compressions during CPR induce oscillations in capnography (ECO) waveforms. Studies suggest ECO oscillation characteristics are associated with intrathoracic airflow dependent on airway patency. Oscillations can be quantified by the Airway Opening Index (AOI).

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Introduction: Respiratory mechanics, such as tidal volume (V) and inspiratory pressures, may affect outcome in hospitalized patients with respiratory failure. Little is known about respiratory mechanics in the prehospital setting.

Methods: In this prospective, pilot investigation of patients receiving prehospital advanced airway placement, paramedics applied a device to measure respiratory mechanics.

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Accurate artificial intelligence (AI) for disease diagnosis could lower healthcare workloads. However, when time or financial resources for gathering input data are limited, as in emergency and critical-care medicine, developing accurate AI models, which typically require inputs for many clinical variables, may be impractical. Here we report a model-agnostic cost-aware AI (CoAI) framework for the development of predictive models that optimize the trade-off between prediction performance and feature cost.

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