Commercially Available Guides Overestimate Socket Length During Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Socket Retrograde Drilling.

Purpose: To objectively assess the accuracy of socket measurements taken during cruciate ligament reconstruction using a retrograde reaming technique.

Methods: Six complete knee sawbone specimens were used to ream anterior and posterior cruciate ligament sockets in the femur and tibia in a retrograde fashion using a standard retrograde reaming device. The longest and shortest sides of the sockets were measured using a ruler.

Similar Value Demonstrated in the Short-Term Outcomes of Superior Capsular Reconstruction and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference in value (benefit to cost ratio) of dermal allograft superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) without arthritis; to compare the patient populations selected for the operations and report pre- and postoperative functional data; and to understand other characteristics of the 2 operations, including operating time, use of institutional resources, and complications.

Methods: A retrospective, single-institution analysis during the study period 2014-2019 with MRCT treated with SCR or rTSA by 2 surgeons with complete institutional cost data and minimum 1-year clinical follow-up with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Value was defined as ΔASES/(total direct costs/$10,000).

Compliance with Electronic Patient Reported Outcome Measure System Data Collection Is 51% Two-years After Shoulder Arthroscopy.

Objective: To determine patient compliance in completing electronic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following arthroscopic shoulder surgery and identify risk factors for noncompliance.

Methods: A retrospective review of compliance data was performed for patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery by a single surgeon in a private practice setting from June 2017 to June 2019. All patients were enrolled in Surgical Outcomes System (Arthrex) as a part of routine clinical care, and outcome reporting was integrated into our practice electronic medical record.

Distal biceps tendon repair: cost analysis of single- versus double-incision techniques in an ambulatory surgery center.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the cost differences for single- versus double-incision distal biceps repair at an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) given that similar clinical outcomes have been reported between these methods.

Methods: A retrospective review of financial and medical records was completed for patients who underwent distal biceps tendon repair over a three-year period at a single private orthopedic practice. Variables analyzed include the cost to the ASC of operative time and the cost of differential surgical supplies, specifically implants and disposable supplies.

Proteomics in non-human primates: utilizing RNA-Seq data to improve protein identification by mass spectrometry in vervet monkeys.

Background: Shotgun proteomics utilizes a database search strategy to compare detected mass spectra to a library of theoretical spectra derived from reference genome information. As such, the robustness of proteomics results is contingent upon the completeness and accuracy of the gene annotation in the reference genome. For animal models of disease where genomic annotation is incomplete, such as non-human primates, proteogenomic methods can improve the detection of proteins by incorporating transcriptional data from RNA-Seq to improve proteomics search databases used for peptide spectral matching.

Molecular prioritization strategies to identify functional genetic variants in the cardiovascular disease-associated expression QTL Vanin-1.

There is now good evidence that non-coding sequence variants are involved in the heritability of many common complex traits. The current 'gold standard' approach for assessing functionality is the in vitro reporter gene assay to assess allelic differences in transcriptional activity, usually followed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays to assess allelic differences in transcription factor binding. Although widely used, these assays have inherent limitations, including the lack of endogenous chromatin context.

Genetic dissection of the pre-eclampsia susceptibility locus on chromosome 2q22 reveals shared novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Pre-eclampsia is an idiopathic pregnancy disorder promoting morbidity and mortality to both mother and child. Delivery of the fetus is the only means to resolve severe symptoms. Women with pre-eclamptic pregnancies demonstrate increased risk for later life cardiovascular disease (CVD) and good evidence suggests these two syndromes share several risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.

Diverse biological activities of the vascular non-inflammatory molecules - the Vanin pantetheinases.

The Vanin genes are a family that encode pantetheinases involved in recycling Coenzyme A, catalysing the breakdown of intermediate pantetheine to vitamin B5 for reuse in CoA biosynthesis. The role of pantetheinase in this most fundamental of cellular processes, was substantially characterised by the 1970s. The next 20 years saw little further interest in pantetheinase until various genetic studies implicated the Vanin locus in a range of normal and disease phenotypes, and a consequent interest in the other product of pantetheinase activity, cysteamine.

Eight week exposure to a high sugar high fat diet results in adiposity gain and alterations in metabolic biomarkers in baboons (Papio hamadryas sp.).

Background: Baboons (Papio hamadryas Sp.) develop features of the cardiometabolic syndrome and represent a clinically-relevant animal model in which to study the aetiology of the disorder. To further evaluate the baboon as a model for the study of the cardiometabolic syndrome, we developed a high sugar high fat diet and hypothesized that it could be used to induce adiposity gain and affect associated circulating biomarkers.

Quantitative loci regulating plasma levels of gamma glutamyl transferase and albumin and their genetic correlations with cardiovascular risk factors.

gamma Glutamyl transferase (GGT) and albumin (ALB) are two markers of liver function. These two proteins have been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. The objectives of this study were to explore the genetic factors that influence variation in the plasma levels of GGT and ALB and to evaluate their genetic correlations with cardiovascular risk factors.

Association of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with adipocyte number, insulin resistance and liver function markers.

Background: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an inflammatory chemokine known to induce adipocyte dedifferentiation and insulin resistance. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Fasting plasma from 43 baboons were assayed for MCP-1, insulin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

A nutrition and physical activity intervention promotes weight loss and enhances diet attitudes in low-income mothers of young children.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nutrition and physical activity program for reducing body weight and improving nutrition attitudes in mothers of young children. A convenience sample of 114 intervention mothers and 33 comparison mothers was recruited from public health clinics and community centers. Eligibility criteria included Hispanic, African American, or white ethnicity; body mass index of at least 25 kg/m(2); low income (< 200% of the federal poverty index); and youngest child aged 1 to 4 years.

A genetic contribution to circulating cytokines and obesity in children.

Cytokines are considered to be involved in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Study objectives are to determine the heritability of circulating cytokine levels, to investigate pleiotropy between cytokines and obesity traits, and to present genome scan results for cytokines in 1030 Hispanic children enrolled in VIVA LA FAMILIA Study. Cytokine phenotypes included monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), C-reactive protein (CRP), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin.

Characterization of ghrelin in pedigreed baboons: evidence for heritability and pleiotropy.

Background: Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that is produced primarily in the stomach, and stimulates food intake via its receptors situated in the hypothalamus.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize baboon ghrelin cDNA and investigate the genetic influence on the variation in plasma ghrelin levels in baboons.

Methods And Procedures: The sample consisted of 376 baboons (263 females, 113 males) from a pedigreed colony at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas.

A chromosome 11q quantitative-trait locus influences change of blood-pressure measurements over time in Mexican Americans of the San Antonio Family Heart Study.

Although previous genome scans have searched for quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) influencing variation in blood pressure (BP), few have investigated the rate of change in BP over time as a phenotype. Here, we compare results from genomewide scans to localize QTLs for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BPs (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively) and for rates of change in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BPs (rSBP, rDBP, and rMBP, respectively), with use of the longitudinal data collected about Mexican Americans of the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). Significant evidence of linkage was found for rSBP (LOD 4.

Genome-wide scan of plasma cholecystokinin in baboons shows linkage to human chromosome 17.

Objective: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to inhibit food intake and is an important signal for controlling meal volume, indicating a possible role in weight regulation. Our objective was to investigate genetic influences on plasma CCK in baboons.

Research Methods And Procedures: Subjects were 376 baboons (males = 113, females = 263) from the Southwest National Primate Research Center, housed at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas.

Low-income, overweight and obese mothers as agents of change to improve food choices, fat habits, and physical activity in their 1-to-3-year-old children.

Objective: To examine the effects of a weight loss program for mothers on the diet and activity of mothers and their 1-3 year old children.

Design: Overweight and obese mothers participated in an 8-week weight loss intervention encompassing diet, physical activity, and behavioral modification. Anthropometrics, demographic, dietary, and physical activity questionnaires were administered at weeks 0 and 8; anthropometrics were re-evaluated at week 24.

Quantitative genetic analysis of glucose transporter 4 mRNA levels in baboon adipose.

Objective: Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is an insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in adipose tissue. A decrease of the mRNA abundance of GLUT4 in adipose tissue has been observed in conditions of insulin resistance. The objective was to conduct quantitative genetic analyses using GLUT4 mRNA levels in omental adipose tissue of baboons as a novel phenotype.

Misoprostol outpatient cervical ripening without subsequent induction of labor: a randomized trial.

Objective: To estimate the effect of outpatient administration of a single dose of vaginal misoprostol at term on the interval to delivery in women with unfavorable cervices.

Methods: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing a single 25-microg outpatient intravaginal dose of misoprostol to placebo in pregnant women with Bishop scores less than 9 at 40 weeks or greater. After placement of the study medication, subjects were permitted to go into spontaneous labor unless an indication for induction developed.

Adiponectin but not resistin is associated with insulin resistance-related phenotypes in baboons.

Objective: The hormones adiponectin and resistin have been associated with insulin resistance. This paper analyzed the potential relationship between adiponectin and resistin and insulin resistance-related phenotypes in baboons.

Research Methods And Procedures: One hundred eight adult baboons (84 female and 24 male) were studied.