Hypometabolism, Alzheimer's Disease, and Possible Therapeutic Targets: An Overview.

The brain is a highly dynamic organ that requires a constant energy source to function normally. This energy is mostly supplied by glucose, a simple sugar that serves as the brain's principal fuel source. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily controlled via sodium-independent facilitated glucose transport, such as by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 3 (GLUT3).

Establishing a Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network: Interventions to promote collaboration and data-driven improvement at scale.

Introduction: A learning health network is a type of learning health system in which stakeholders use network organization to improve health and health care. Building on existing resources in the cystic fibrosis (CF) community, the Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network (CFLN) was designed to improve medical outcomes and quality of life through an intentional focus on achieving reliable evidence-based chronic care delivery and creating a system for data-driven collaborative learning.

Methods: We describe the development and growth of the CFLN considering six domains of a Network Maturity Grid: system leadership; governance and policy management; quality improvement (QI); engagement and community building; data and analytics; and research.

The US national registry for childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Report of study design and initial enrollment cohort.

Introduction: Childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) encompasses a broad spectrum of rare disorders. The Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease Research Network (chILDRN) established a prospective registry to advance knowledge regarding etiology, phenotype, natural history, and management of these disorders.

Methods: This longitudinal, observational, multicenter registry utilizes single-IRB reliance agreements, with participation from 25 chILDRN centers across the U.

Loss of hepatic manganese transporter ZIP8 disrupts serum transferrin glycosylation and the glutamate-glutamine cycle.

Background: ZIP8, encoded by SLC39A8, is a membrane transporter that facilitates the cellular uptake of divalent biometals including zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). The hepatic system has long been accepted as the central modulator for whole-body biometal distribution. Earlier investigations suggest the propensity of ZIP8 to prioritize Mn influx, as opposed to Fe or Zn, in hepatocytes.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in Children Aged ⩾6 Years with Cystic Fibrosis and at Least One Allele: A Phase 3, Open-Label Clinical Trial.

A 24-week, phase 3, open-label study showed elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) was safe and efficacious in children aged 6-11 years with cystic fibrosis (CF) and one or more alleles. To assess long-term safety and efficacy of ELX/TEZ/IVA in children who completed the pivotal 24-week phase 3 trial. In this phase 3, two-part (part A and part B), open-label extension study, children aged ⩾6 years with CF heterozygous for and a minimal function mutation (/MF genotypes) or homozygous for ( genotype) who completed the 24-week parent study received ELX/TEZ/IVA based on weight.

The Osiris family genes function as novel regulators of the tube maturation process in the Drosophila trachea.

Drosophila trachea is a premier model to study tube morphogenesis. After the formation of continuous tubes, tube maturation follows. Tracheal tube maturation starts with an apical secretion pulse that deposits extracellular matrix components to form a chitin-based apical luminal matrix (aECM).

Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom .

Mushrooms have unique properties in arsenic metabolism. In many commercial and wild-grown mushrooms, arsenobetaine (AsB), a non-toxic arsenical, was found as the dominant arsenic species. The AsB biosynthesis remains unknown, so we designed experiments to study conditions for AsB formation in the white button mushroom, .

Selenite Inhibits Notch Signaling in Cells and Mice.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient with a wide range of biological effects in mammals. The inorganic form of selenium, selenite, is supplemented to relieve individuals with selenium deficiency and to alleviate associated symptoms. Additionally, physiological and supranutritional selenite have shown selectively higher affinity and toxicity towards cancer cells, highlighting their potential to serve as chemotherapeutic agents or adjuvants.

Autism Detection in Children by Combined Use of Gaze Preference and the M-CHAT-R in a Resource-Scarce Setting.

Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video.

Anthropogenic Disasters.

Anthropogenic disasters may be defined as any disaster caused by human action or inaction. Natural disasters occur without human interference. Injuries caused by terrorists and related criminal activities may be broadly grouped into 3 categories: blunt, blast, and penetrating trauma.

High-Throughput Screening Identifies Genes Required for Induction of Macrophage Pyroptosis.

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invasive fungal infections. As a consequence, many successful fungal pathogens have evolved elegant strategies to interact with host immune cells. For example, undergoes a morphogenetic switch coupled to cell wall remodeling upon phagocytosis by macrophages and then induces macrophage pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death program.

Ph-activated nano-amorphous calcium phosphate-based cement to reduce dental enamel demineralization.

Enamel demineralization is destructive, esthetically compromised, and costly complications for orthodontic patients. Nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) has been explored to address this challenge. The 20% NACP-loaded ortho-cement notably exhibited favorable behavior on reducing demineralization of enamel around brackets in a caries model designed to simulate the carious attack.

Computational LADAR imaging.

Most LADAR (laser radar, LIDAR) imaging systems use pixel-basis sampling, where each azimuth and elevation resolution element is uniquely sampled and recorded. We demonstrate and examine alternative sampling and post-detection processing schemes where recorded measurements are made in alternative bases that are intended to reduce system power consumption and laser emissions. A prototype of such a sensor having the capability to generate arbitrary illumination beam patterns rather than spot, line scanning, or flash techniques is described along with computational imaging algorithms to reduce speckle and identify scene objects in a low-dimensional compressed basis rather than in the pixel basis.

Histomorphometric Comparison of Transmandibular Implant and Titanium Implant.

This study was a histomorphometric comparison of the transmandibular implant (TMI) system and titanium implant using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Two dogs were used. In each dog, 16 implant holes were made in the bilateral mandibular angle.

Use of a FITLINE to Support Families of Overweight and Obese Children in Pediatric Practices.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends a staged approach to pediatric weight management, starting with helping families to make targeted dietary and activity changes. This pilot study evaluated the preliminary efficacy of a pediatric practice-based referral program to support parents in helping their overweight/obese children improve their weight-related behaviors and BMI.

Methods: A nonrandomized intervention study with contemporaneous control was used.

Migration in the social stage of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae impacts competition.

Interaction conditions can change the balance of cooperation and conflict in multicellular groups. After aggregating together, cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum may migrate as a group (known as a slug) to a new location. We consider this migration stage as an arena for social competition and conflict because the cells in the slug may not be from a genetically homogeneous population.

Two contemporaneous mitogenomes from terminal Pleistocene burials in eastern Beringia.

Pleistocene residential sites with multiple contemporaneous human burials are extremely rare in the Americas. We report mitochondrial genomic variation in the first multiple mitochondrial genomes from a single prehistoric population: two infant burials (USR1 and USR2) from a common interment at the Upward Sun River Site in central Alaska dating to ∼11,500 cal B.P.