Traits Underlying Experimentally Evolved Dispersal Behavior in .

Unlabelled: Dispersal is an important behavior in many animals, with profound effects on individual fitness and the evolutionary trajectories of populations. This is especially true within taxa with particular life-history strategies, for example those that exploit ephemeral habitat. Further, dispersal is commonly seen to be part of behavioral syndromes - suites of traits that covary across behavioral contexts.

Tests of evolutionary and genetic rescue using flour beetles, , experimentally evolved to thermal conditions.

Small, isolated populations are often characterised by low levels of genetic diversity. This can result in inbreeding depression and reduced capacity to adapt to changes in the environment, and therefore higher risk of extinction. However, sometimes these populations can be rescued if allowed to increase in size or if migrants enter, bringing in new allelic variation and thus increasing genetic diversity.

Life history correlations and trade-offs resulting from selection for dispersal in Tribolium castaneum.

Dispersal is an important facet of the life history of many organisms and is, therefore, subject to selective pressure but does not evolve in isolation. Across nature, there are examples of dispersal syndromes and life history strategies in which suites of traits coevolve and covary with dispersal in combinations that serve to maximize fitness in a given ecological context. The red rust flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is a model organism and globally significant post-harvest pest that relies on dispersal to reach new patches of ephemeral habitat.

Predicting Facial Attractiveness from Colour Cues: A New Analytic Framework.

Various facial colour cues were identified as valid predictors of facial attractiveness, yet the conventional univariate approach has simplified the complex nature of attractiveness judgement for real human faces. Predicting attractiveness from colour cues is difficult due to the high number of candidate variables and their inherent correlations. Using datasets from Chinese subjects, this study proposed a novel analytic framework for modelling attractiveness from various colour characteristics.

Assessment of color preference, purchase intention and sexual attractiveness of lipstick colors under multiple lighting conditions.

Lipstick is one of the most commonly used cosmetics, which is closely associated with female attractiveness and influences people's perception and behavior. This study aimed to investigate the impact of light sources, lipstick colors, as well as gender on the subjective assessment of lipstick color products from the prospective of color preference, purchase intention and sexual attractiveness. The correlation between color preference evaluations when applying lipstick on lips and on forearms was also explored.

Genetic architecture of dispersal behaviour in the post-harvest pest and model organism Tribolium castaneum.

Dispersal behaviour is an important aspect of the life-history of animals. However, the genetic architecture of dispersal-related traits is often obscure or unknown, even in well studied species. Tribolium castaneum is a globally significant post-harvest pest and established model organism, yet studies of its dispersal have shown ambiguous results and the genetic basis of this behaviour remains unresolved.

Domain and range of the CIECAM16 forward transformation.

The domain and range of the CIECAM16 forward transformation was numerically determined and visualized for CIE standard illuminants, using a linear programming approach that provides the gamuts and colour solids for optimum colours. The effect of the surround, adapting luminance, and luminance of the background on the range of the CIECAM16 forward transformation were individually analyzed, showing that their ranges increased when the surround changed from dark to dim or average, the adapting luminance increased, or the luminance of the background decreased. The proposed methodology for the determination and visualization of the domain and range of the CIECAM16 forward transformation can be used for any illuminant, as well as for CIECAM02, CAM16, CAM02-UCS and CAM16-UCS.

Preferred skin reproduction of different skin groups.

To accurately reproduce preferred skin colour is an important goal in digital image colour reproduction. A psychophysical experiment was conducted to specify the preferred skin colour for different skin types. Ten original facial images were captured to cover different skin types, including Caucasian, Chinese, South Asian, African, different genders and different ages.

Developing a digital archive system for imperial Chinese robe in the Qing Dynasty.

The digital archive of cultural heritage provides new opportunities for the protection of the cultural heritage and the development of online museums. One of the essential requirements for the digitization is to achieve accurate color reproduction. Taking the Imperial Chinese robes in the Qing Dynasty as an example, this study aims to develop a digital achieve system to digitize the robes using a high-end imaging system and accurately reproduce their color properties on a display.

Different colour predictions of facial preference by Caucasian and Chinese observers.

Facial colour characteristics convey vital personal information and influence social interactions and mate choices as contributing factors to perceived beauty, health, and age. How various colour characteristics affect facial preference and whether there are cultural differences are not fully understood. Here, we provide a useful and repeatable methodology for skin colour research based on a realistic skin model to investigate the effect of various facial colour characteristics on facial preference and compare the role of colour predictors in Caucasian (CA) and Chinese (CN) samples.

Optimizing Parametric Factors in CIELAB and CIEDE2000 Color-Difference Formulas for 3D-Printed Spherical Objects.

The current color-difference formulas were developed based on 2D samples and there is no standard guidance for the color-difference evaluation of 3D objects. The aim of this study was to test and optimize the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color-difference formulas by using 42 pairs of 3D-printed spherical samples in Experiment I and 40 sample pairs in Experiment II. Fifteen human observers with normal color vision were invited to attend the visual experiments under simulated D65 illumination and assess the color differences of the 82 pairs of 3D spherical samples using the gray-scale method.

Extending the color discrimination metric with consideration of illuminance level.

Color discrimination is a crucial dimension for the visual assessment of white light sources. In this Letter, we took full advantage of data comparability among Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM-100) color vision tests and modified our recent proposed color discrimination metric [Opt. Lett.

Spectral Reconstruction Using an Iteratively Reweighted Regulated Model from Two Illumination Camera Responses.

An improved spectral reflectance estimation method was developed to transform captured RGB images to spectral reflectance. The novelty of our method is an iteratively reweighted regulated model that combines polynomial expansion signals, which was developed for spectral reflectance estimation, and a cross-polarized imaging system, which is used to eliminate glare and specular highlights. Two RGB images are captured under two illumination conditions.

Skin coloration is a culturally-specific cue for attractiveness, healthiness, and youthfulness in observers of Chinese and western European descent.

Facial skin coloration signals information about an individual and plays an important role in social interactions and mate choice, due its putative association with health, attractiveness, and age. Whether skin coloration as an evolutionary significant cue is universal or specific to a particular culture is unclear and current evidence on the universality of skin color as a cue to health and attractiveness are equivocal. The current study used 80 calibrated, high-resolution, non-manipulated images of real human faces, either of Chinese or western European descent, which were rated in terms of attractiveness, healthiness, and perceived age by 44 observers, 22 western European (13 male; mean age ± SD = 24.

Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology.

Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium have been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves to highlight the significant historical contribution that Tribolium study systems have made to the fields of ecology and evolution, and to promote their use as contemporary research models. We review the broad range of studies employing Tribolium to make significant advances in ecology and evolution.

Towards an optimum colour preference metric for white light sources: a comprehensive investigation based on empirical data.

Colour preference is a critical dimension for describing the colour quality of lighting and numerous metrics have been proposed. However, due to the variation amongst psychophysical studies, consensus has not been reached on the best approach to quantify colour preference. In this study, 25 typical colour quality metrics were comprehensively tested based on 39 groups of psychophysical data from 19 published visual studies.

Color discrimination metric based on the neutrality of lighting and hue transposition quantification.

In this Letter, we propose a combined metric for quantifying the color discrimination capability of white light sources. This metric is based on considerations of human visual adaptation to daylight chromaticities, as well as on the concerns of the huge spectral diversity of modern light sources. Two existing metrics, (degree of neutrality) by Smet et al.

Evaluating the color preference of lighting: the light booth matters.

On the topic of color preference of lighting, it is commonly believed that the neutral interior of a light booth has minimum impact on the color perception of the experimental object. Meanwhile, agreement has not been reached on which objects should be placed in the booth. In this study, based on a meta-analysis of eight groups of psychophysical data, we demonstrate that the "perceived color preference" obtained by consecutive visual judgement in a light booth is closely related to the lit neutral environment, while the use of different experimental objects does not markedly influence the results for lighting quality assessment.

Color quality evaluation of Chinese bronzeware in typical museum lighting.

A series of psychophysical experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of light sources on the color appearance of Chinese bronzeware. Three groups of 30 observers were asked to evaluate a set of Chinese bronzeware under different light sources in three paired-comparison experiments-one group of observers for each experiment. The visual attributes of color preference, color comfort, color discrimination, and antiquity were scaled.

Spectra estimation from raw camera responses based on adaptive local-weighted linear regression.

An improved spectral reflectance estimation method is developed to transform raw camera RGB responses to spectral reflectance. The novelty of our method is to apply a local weighted linear regression model for spectral reflectance estimation and construct the weighting matrix using a Gaussian function in CIELAB uniform color space. The proposed method was tested using both a standard color chart and a set of textile samples, with a digital RGB camera and by ten times ten-fold cross-validation.

Improved computation of the adaptation coefficient in the CIE system of mesopic photometry.

New values of parameters a and b are proposed for the CIE system of mesopic photometry MES2 [CIE Publication 191:2010], because from the original values this model may have no solution or multi-solutions. From the new values of parameters a and b it is shown that the CIE MES2 system has a unique solution. The difference however, between the original and the new values of parameters a and b is very small and the changes do not affect previous conclusions based on the MES2 model.

Gamut Volume Index: a color preference metric based on meta-analysis and optimized colour samples.

A novel metric named Gamut Volume Index (GVI) is proposed for evaluating the colour preference of lighting. This metric is based on the absolute gamut volume of optimized colour samples. The optimal colour set of the proposed metric was obtained by optimizing the weighted average correlation between the metric predictions and the subjective ratings for 8 psychophysical studies.

Characterisation of the n-colour printing process using the spot colour overprint model.

This paper is aimed at reproducing the solid spot colours using the n-colour separation. A simplified numerical method, called as the spot colour overprint (SCOP) model, was used for characterising the n-colour printing process. This model was originally developed for estimating the spot colour overprints.