UK medical cannabis registry: an updated analysis of clinical outcomes of cannabis-based medicinal products for inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain limited, and cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) provide promise in addressing inflammation and pain. However, long-term data on CBMP efficacy in IBD are scarce. This study examines health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes in IBD patients treated with CBMPs.

Brain health is essential for smooth economic transitions: towards socio-economic sustainability, productivity and well-being.

Optimal brain health is essential to smoothing major global skill-intensive economic transitions, such as the bioeconomy, green, care economy and digital transitions. Good brain health is vital to socio-economic sustainability, productivity and well-being. The care transition focuses on recognizing and investing in care services and care work as essential for economic growth and social well-being.

Resting fMRI-guided TMS evokes subgenual anterior cingulate response in depression.

Background: Depression alleviation following treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) tends to be more effective when TMS is targeted to cortical areas with high (negative) resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) with the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). However, the relationship between sgACC-cortex rsFC and the TMS-evoked response in the sgACC is still being explored and has not yet been established in depressed patients.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the relationship between sgACC-cortical (site of stimulation) rsFC and induced evoked responses in the sgACC in healthy controls and depressed patients.

Running Cadence and the Influence on Frontal Plane Knee Deviations.

Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common injuries in recreational runners, with significant implications for dynamic knee valgus. The knee valgus angle can be corrected surgically or with a more conservative non-operative approach. Increasing running cadence may be an effective biomechanical gait retraining intervention to reduce knee valgus and thus patellofemoral pain.

UK medical cannabis registry: A clinical outcome analysis of medical cannabis therapy in chronic pain patients with and without co-morbid sleep impairment.

Introduction: Chronic pain (CP) affects 35.0%-51.3% of the UK population, with 67%-88% reporting sleep disturbances.

Social ageing can protect against infectious disease in a group-living primate.

The benefits of social living are well established, but sociality also comes with costs, including infectious disease risk. This cost-benefit ratio of sociality is expected to change across individuals' lifespans, which may drive changes in social behaviour with age. To explore this idea, we combine data from a group-living primate for which social ageing has been described with epidemiological models to show that having lower social connectedness when older can protect against the costs of a hypothetical, directly transmitted endemic pathogen.

Comparison of Cannabis-Based Medicinal Product Formulations for Fibromyalgia: A Cohort Study.

This cohort study aims to assess the outcomes of fibromyalgia patients enrolled in the UK Medical Cannabis Registry prescribed a homogenous selection of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs). A cohort study of fibromyalgia patients treated with oils (Adven, Curaleaf International, UK), dried flower (Adven, Curaleaf International, UK) or both CBMPs was performed. Primary outcomes were changes from baseline at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months in validated patient-reported outcome measures.

Beyond Morbidity and Mortality Conference: How Do We Learn From Special Cases?

Objective: Physicians experience scary cases in the course of usual medical practice. Cases of near misses, legal and ethical dilemmas, or unique clinical challenges are great sources of education. However, there is no format for presentation and dissemination of cases that do not meet criteria for morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences.

Monkeys Predict US Elections.

How people vote often defies rational explanation. Physical traits sometimes sway voters more than policies do-but why? Here we show that rhesus macaques, who have no knowledge about political candidates or their policies, implicitly predict the outcomes of U.S.

Immune gene regulation is associated with age and environmental adversity in a nonhuman primate.

Phenotypic aging is ubiquitous across mammalian species, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms of aging. Aging is linked to molecular changes to DNA methylation and gene expression, and environmental factors, such as severe external challenges or adversities, can moderate these age-related changes. Yet, it remains unclear whether environmental adversities affect gene regulation via the same molecular pathways as chronological, or 'primary', aging.

Decomposing loss aversion from a single neural signal.

People often display stronger aversion to losses than appetite for equivalent gains, a widespread phenomenon known as loss aversion. The prevailing theory attributes loss aversion to a valuation bias that amplifies losses relative to gains. An alternative account attributes loss aversion to a response bias that avoids choices that might result in loss.

Assessment of clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory arthritis: analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.

The aim of this study was to assess changes in validated patient-reported outcome measures after initiation of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) and the safety of CBMPs in patients with inflammatory arthritis. A prospective case series from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was analyzed. The primary outcomes changes were in Brief Pain Inventory, McGill Pain Questionnaire, EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up compared with baseline.

Multi-organ imaging-derived polygenic indexes for brain and body health.

The UK Biobank (UKB) imaging project is a crucial resource for biomedical research, but is limited to 100,000 participants due to cost and accessibility barriers. Here we used genetic data to predict heritable imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) for a larger cohort. We developed and evaluated 4,375 IDP genetic scores (IGS) derived from UKB brain and body images.

Interpersonal heart rate synchrony predicts effective information processing in a naturalistic group decision-making task.

Groups often outperform individuals in problem-solving. Nevertheless, failure to critically evaluate ideas risks suboptimal outcomes through so-called groupthink. Prior studies have shown that people who hold shared goals, perspectives, or understanding of the environment show similar patterns of brain activity, which itself can be enhanced by consensus-building discussions.

Assessment of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Osteoarthritis: Analysis From the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.

Osteoarthritis accounts for 0.6% of disability-adjusted life years globally. There is a paucity of research focused on cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for osteoarthritic chronic pain management.

Social ageing can protect against infectious disease in a group-living primate.

The benefits of social living are well established, but sociality also comes with costs, including infectious disease risk. This cost-benefit ratio of sociality is expected to change across individuals' lifespans, which may drive changes in social behaviour with age. To explore this idea, we combine data from a group-living primate for which social ageing has been described with epidemiological models to show that having lower social connectedness when older can protect against the costs of a hypothetical, directly transmitted endemic pathogen.

Neural signatures of natural behaviour in socializing macaques.

Our understanding of the neurobiology of primate behaviour largely derives from artificial tasks in highly controlled laboratory settings, overlooking most natural behaviours that primate brains evolved to produce. How primates navigate the multidimensional social relationships that structure daily life and shape survival and reproductive success remains largely unclear at the single-neuron level. Here we combine ethological analysis, computer vision and wireless recording technologies to identify neural signatures of natural behaviour in unrestrained, socially interacting pairs of rhesus macaques.

The Brain Economy: Advancing Brain Science to Better Understand the Modern Economy.

The coming years are likely to be turbulent due to a myriad of factors or polycrisis, including an escalation in climate extremes, emerging public health threats, weak productivity, increases in global economic instability and further weakening in the integrity of global democracy. These formidable challenges are not exogenous to the economy but are in some cases generated by the system itself. They can be overcome, but only with far-reaching changes to global economics.

Quantifying the relationship between bone and soft tissue measures within the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago.

Objectives: Interpretations of the primate and human fossil record often rely on the estimation of somatic dimensions from bony measures. Both somatic and skeletal variation have been used to assess how primates respond to environmental change. However, it is unclear how well skeletal variation matches and predicts soft tissue.

Mechanical and morphometric approaches to body mass estimation in rhesus macaques: A test of skeletal variables.

Objectives: Estimation of body mass from skeletal metrics can reveal important insights into the paleobiology of archeological or fossil remains. The standard approach constructs predictive equations from postcrania, but studies have questioned the reliability of traditional measures. Here, we examine several skeletal features to assess their accuracy in predicting body mass.

Attention deficits linked with proclivity to explore while foraging.

All mobile organisms forage for resources, choosing how and when to search for new opportunities by comparing current returns with the average for the environment. In humans, nomadic lifestyles favouring exploration have been associated with genetic mutations implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), inviting the hypothesis that this condition may impact foraging decisions in the general population. Here we tested this pre-registered hypothesis by examining how human participants collected resources in an online foraging task.

Magnitude shifts spatial attention from left to right in rhesus monkeys as in the human mental number line.

Humans typically represent numbers and quantities along a left-to-right continuum. Early perspectives attributed number-space association to culture; however, recent evidence in newborns and animals challenges this hypothesis. We investigate whether the length of an array of dots influences spatial bias in rhesus macaques.