Test road experiment on imminent warning rear lighting and signaling.

Objective: This paper describes an experiment directed toward refinement and initial field testing of two potential countermeasures for the problem of rear-end (RE) crashes. The countermeasures consist of "imminent warning" signals intended to direct the following driver's visual glance to the lead vehicle as it brakes rapidly to a stop and for a short time thereafter.

Background: RE crashes are the most frequently occurring type of light vehicle crash, making up at least 25% of all crashes.

Relation between glare and driving performance.

The present study investigated the effects of discomfort glare on driving behavior. Participants (old and young; U. S.