Publications by authors named "Michael Patton"

Article Synopsis
  • Older adults and those with chronic health conditions are particularly vulnerable to severe RSV disease, prompting research into the vaccine RSVpreF for high-risk individuals aged 18-59.
  • In a phase 3 trial, participants received either RSVpreF or a placebo, with safety and immunogenicity monitored through various endpoints, revealing no serious adverse effects tied to the vaccine.
  • Results showed that RSVpreF was well tolerated and met efficacy benchmarks, indicating it could be effectively used to prevent RSV-related illnesses in younger high-risk populations, similar to findings in older adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

BACKGROUNDPersistent cough and dyspnea are prominent features of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (also termed "long COVID"); however, physiologic measures and clinical features associated with these pulmonary symptoms remain poorly defined. Using longitudinal pulmonary function testing (PFT) and CT imaging, this study aimed to identify the characteristics and determinants of pulmonary long COVID.METHODSThis single-center retrospective study included 1,097 patients with clinically defined long COVID characterized by persistent pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, cough, and chest discomfort) lasting for 1 or more months after resolution of primary COVID infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rationale: Persistent cough and dyspnea are prominent features of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (termed 'Long COVID'); however, physiologic measures and clinical features associated with these pulmonary symptoms remain poorly defined.

Objectives: Using longitudinal pulmonary function testing (PFTs) and CT imaging, this study aimed to identify the characteristics and determinants of pulmonary Long COVID.

Methods: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Pulmonary Long COVID cohort was utilized to characterize lung defects in patients with persistent pulmonary symptoms after resolution primary COVID infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The rapid adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems in US hospitals from 2008 to 2014 produced novel data elements for analysis. Concurrent innovations in computing architecture and machine learning (ML) algorithms have made rapid consumption of health data feasible and a powerful engine for clinical innovation. In critical care research, the net convergence of these trends has resulted in an exponential increase in outcome prediction research.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Spin-orbit torques generated by a spin current are key to magnetic switching in spintronic applications. The polarization of the spin current dictates the direction of switching required for energy-efficient devices. Conventionally, the polarizations of these spin currents are restricted to be along a certain direction due to the symmetry of the material allowing only for efficient in-plane magnetic switching.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a global pathogen that is frequently responsible for healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections (SSIs). Current infection prevention and control approaches may be limited, with S. aureus antibiotic resistance remaining problematic.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes considerable illness in older adults. The efficacy and safety of an investigational bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based (RSVpreF) vaccine in this population are unknown.

Methods: In this ongoing, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, adults (≥60 years of age) to receive a single intramuscular injection of RSVpreF vaccine at a dose of 120 μg (RSV subgroups A and B, 60 μg each) or placebo.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Parvalbumin-expressing dorsal striatal fast-spiking interneurons, comprising ∼1% of the total dorsal striatal neuronal population, are necessary for the expression of compulsive-like ethanol consumption mice. Fast-spiking interneurons are driven to fire by glutamatergic inputs derived primarily from the cortex. However, these neurons also receive substantial GABAergic input from two sources: the globus pallidus and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Several independent lines of evidence suggest that megakaryocytes are dysfunctional in severe COVID-19. Herein, we characterized peripheral circulating megakaryocytes in a large cohort of inpatients with COVID-19 and correlated the subpopulation frequencies with clinical outcomes. Using peripheral blood, we show that megakaryocytes are increased in the systemic circulation in COVID-19, and we identify and validate S100A8/A9 as a defining marker of megakaryocyte dysfunction.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Recent single-center reports have suggested that community-acquired bacteremic co-infection in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be an important driver of mortality; however, these reports have not been validated with a multicenter, demographically diverse, cohort study with data spanning the pandemic.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, inpatient encounters were assessed for COVID-19 with community-acquired bacteremic co-infection using 48-h post-admission blood cultures and grouped by: (1) confirmed co-infection [recovery of bacterial pathogen], (2) suspected co-infection [negative culture with ≥ 2 antimicrobials administered], and (3) no evidence of co-infection [no culture]. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

There are over 6,000 different rare diseases estimated to impact 300 million people worldwide. As genetic testing becomes more common practice in the clinical setting, the number of rare disease diagnoses will continue to increase, resulting in the need for novel treatment options. Identifying treatments for these disorders is challenging due to a limited understanding of disease mechanisms, small cohort sizes, interindividual symptom variability, and little commercial incentive to develop new treatments.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how COVID-19 affects gut health, noting that around 50% of COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal issues.
  • Researchers analyzed plasma samples from 146 COVID-19 patients and 47 healthy individuals, finding notable differences in gut microbiome composition and gut permeability markers.
  • The results suggest that gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability in COVID-19 patients could lead to worse outcomes, indicating potential for therapies targeting gut health to improve patient recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: In clinical genetics, establishing an accurate nosology requires analysis of variations in both aetiology and the resulting phenotypes. At the phenotypic level, recognising typical facial gestalts has long supported clinical and molecular diagnosis; however, the objective analysis of facial phenotypic variation remains underdeveloped. In this work, we propose exploratory strategies for assessing facial phenotypic variation within and among clinical and molecular disease entities and deploy these techniques on cross-sectional samples of four RASopathies: Costello syndrome (CS), Noonan syndrome (NS), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chlamydia are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by a unique developmental biology confined within a parasitophorous vacuole termed an inclusion. The chlamydial plasmid is a central virulence factor in the pathogenesis of infection. Plasmid gene protein 4 (Pgp4) regulates the expression of plasmid gene protein 3 (Pgp3) and chromosomal glycogen synthase (GlgA), virulence factors secreted from the inclusion to the host cytosol by an unknown mechanism.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The gut is a well-established route of infection and target for viral damage by SARS-CoV-2. This is supported by the clinical observation that about half of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal ( ) symptoms. We asked whether the analysis of plasma could provide insight into gut barrier dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Compulsive alcohol consumption is a core, treatment-resistant feature of alcohol use disorder. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum support goal-directed and habitual action strategies, respectively. How ethanol targets dorsolateral striatum to drive compulsive consumption is poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: There is scant information about intermediate / long-term comparative outcomes between robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and open radical cystectomy (ORC). The purpose of this study is to present survival and oncological outcomes between bladder cancer patients who undergo RARC vs. ORC with an overall median follow-up of over 5 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Germline mutations in fundamental epigenetic regulatory molecules including DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha () are commonly associated with growth disorders, whereas somatic mutations are often associated with malignancy. We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in c.2312G > A; p.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infections. sexually transmitted infections are commonly asymptomatic, implying a pathogenic strategy for the evasion of innate inflammatory immune responses, a paradox as the outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known potent agonist of inflammatory innate immunity. Here, we studied the ability of chlamydial LPS to activate the proinflammatory canonical and noncanonical inflammasome pathways in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The nucleus accumbens is crucial for processing rewards and is mainly made up of medium spiny neurons, where the balance of excitation and inhibition influences its output.
  • Research reveals that long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission occurs in this area, which is less understood than excitatory synaptic plasticity.
  • The study highlights that this long-term depression is mediated by TrkB receptors and enhanced by ethanol, suggesting that this mechanism could play a role in how ethanol affects reward processing in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Despite substantial public and scientific concern regarding unintended environmental and health consequences of agricultural pesticide use, identifying when and where high levels of use occur is stymied by a dearth of data at biologically relevant spatial or temporal scales. Here we investigate intra-annual patterns in pesticide use by crop and by pesticide type using unique pesticide use data from agriculturally diverse croplands of California, USA. We find that timing and type of pesticide use is strongly crop-dependent, and that for many high pesticide use crops, monthly application rates are highly consistent from year-to-year.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease. isolates are classified into 2 biovars-lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and trachoma-which are distinguished biologically by their natural host cell infection tropism. LGV biovars infect macrophages and are invasive, whereas trachoma biovars infect oculo-urogenital epithelial cells and are noninvasive.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: