MAIT cells altered phenotype and cytotoxicity in lupus patients are linked to renal disease severity and outcome.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which circulating immune complexes can cause different types of glomerulonephritis, according to immune deposits and to the type of glomerular cell injury. Proliferative lesions represent the most severe form of lupus nephritis (LN) and often lead to kidney failure and death. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that recognize microbial-derived ligands from the riboflavin synthesis pathway.

[Middle-molecule uremic toxins: A renewed interest].

Cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease remains a major problem. The uremic toxins among which the molecules of middle molecular weight are counted contribute significantly to this high mortality, alongside the traditional risk factors. They generate and maintain a chronic inflammatory state called low-level chronic inflammatory state.