Advances in radiation detection technologies for responders.

The Department of Homeland Security is supporting the development of a large number of standards for first responders. In the area of detection of radioactive and nuclear materials, four new standards (ANSI N42.32, N42.

The standardization of 188W/188Re by 4pi beta liquid scintillation spectrometry with the CIEMAT/NIST 3H-standard efficiency tracing method.

The massic activity of a solution containing 188W in equilibrium with its daughter, 188Re, has been standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology using 4pi beta liquid scintillation counting with efficiency tracing using the CIEMAT NIST method. Confirmatory measurements were carried out with gamma-ray spectrometry using high purity germanium detectors and a 4pi gamma NaI(Tl) system. A calibration factor of 1.