Characterization of 475 Novel, Putative Small RNAs (sRNAs) in Carbon-Starved Serovar Typhimurium.

An increasingly apparent role of noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) is to coordinate gene expression during environmental stress. A mounting body of evidence implicates small RNAs (sRNAs) as key drivers of stress survival. Generally thought to be 50-500 nucleotides in length and to occur in intergenic regions, sRNAs typically regulate protein expression through base pairing with mRNA targets.

Characterization of novel small RNAs (sRNAs) contributing to the desiccation response of serovar Typhimurium.

Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) modulation of gene expression has now been ubiquitously observed across all domains of life. An increasingly apparent role of ncRNAs is to coordinate changes in gene expressions in response to environmental stress. , a common food-born pathogen, is known for its striking ability to survive, adapt, and thrive in various unfavourable environments which makes it a particularly difficult pathogen to eliminate as well as an interesting model in which to study ncRNA contributions to cellular stress response.

Periplasmic peptidyl-prolyl isomerases SurA and FkpA play an important role in the starvation-stress response (SSR) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Carbon-energy source (C)-starved cells of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are remarkably more resistant to stress than actively growing ones. Carbon-starved S.

Sigma(s)-Dependent carbon-starvation induction of pbpG (PBP 7) is required for the starvation-stress response in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Carbon-energy source starvation is a commonly encountered stress that can influence the epidemiology and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovars. Salmonella responds to C-starvation by eliciting the starvation-stress response (SSR), which allows for long-term C-starvation survival and cross-resistance to other stresses. The stiC locus was identified as a C-starvation-inducible, sigma(S)-dependent locus required for a maximal SSR.

Shifts from glucose to certain secondary carbon-sources result in activation of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigmaE in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) elicits the starvation-stress response (SSR) due to starvation for an essential nutrient, e.g.

Role of periplasmic peptidylprolyl isomerases in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence.

FkpA is a peptidylprolyl isomerase whose expression is regulated by the alternative sigma factor, sigma factor E (sigma(E)). In contrast to the results of a previous report, inactivation of fkpA was found to have only a minor effect on the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to invade and survive within epithelial and macrophage cell lines and cause infection in mice. However, an effect of the fkpA mutation on serovar Typhimurium virulence was seen if the mutation was combined with mutations in surA or htrA, two other sigma(E)-regulated genes, which encode proteins involved in protein folding and/or degradation in the periplasm.

The starvation-stress response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires sigma(E)-, but not CpxR-regulated extracytoplasmic functions.

Starvation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) for an exogenous source of carbon and energy (C-starvation) induces the starvation-stress response (SSR). The SSR functions to (i) maintain viability during long-term C-starvation and (ii) generate cross-resistance to other environmental stresses.

The rpoS-dependent starvation-stress response locus stiA encodes a nitrate reductase (narZYWV) required for carbon-starvation-inducible thermotolerance and acid tolerance in Salmonella typhimurium.

The starvation-stress response (SSR) of Salmonella typhimurium includes gene products necessary for starvation avoidance, starvation survival and virulence for this bacterium. Numerous genetic loci induced during carbon-source starvation and required for the long-term-starvation survival of this bacterium have been identified. The SSR not only protects the cell against the adverse effects of long-term starvation but also provides cross-resistance to other environmental stresses, e.

The medium-/long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (fadF) gene of Salmonella typhimurium is a phase 1 starvation-stress response (SSR) locus.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen that causes significant morbidity in humans and other mammals. During their life cycle, salmonellae must survive frequent exposures to a variety of environmental stresses, e.