Bidirectional Relations Between Daily Stress and Sleep Among Black Emerging Adults.

Background: Black adults experience higher levels of stress and more dysfunctional sleep patterns compared to their White peers, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Dysfunctional sleep patterns are also more likely in emerging adults compared to other age groups. Daily stress-sleep relations in Black emerging adults are understudied.

Daily relations between nap occurrence, duration, and timing and nocturnal sleep patterns in college students.

Objective/design: Sleep patterns change during college, and students may nap to compensate for lost sleep. Despite the increased prevalence of napping among students, few studies have investigated daily relations between napping and nocturnal sleep, as well as how timing of naps and nocturnal sleep might influence one another. The present study used daily diaries to capture the occurrence, timing, and duration of napping and relation to nocturnal sleep.

Night-to-night associations between light exposure and sleep health.

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to light preceding and during sleep is associated with poor sleep, but most research to date has utilized either experimental or cross-sectional designs. The current study expands upon prior studies by using a microlongitudinal design that examines the night-to-night associations between light and sleep health in a diverse sample of adults (pre-registered at osf.io/k5zgv).

Temporal Associations Between Daytime Napping and Nocturnal Sleep: An Exploration of Random Slopes.

Background: Restricting daytime naps is a common sleep hygiene recommendation to improve nocturnal sleep, but research on whether napping is related to sleep is mixed. The current literature is limited in that day level, bidirectional associations have not been tested in college students, and existing studies have not sufficiently examined the role of individual differences in these daily associations.

Purpose: The current study addressed these limitations by assessing the temporal associations between self-reported daytime nap duration and objectively assessed nocturnal sleep, and whether these associations were moderated by chronotype or nap frequency, in college students.

Racial Disparities in Sleep: Potential Mediation by Discrimination and Psychological Distress.

Previous research has demonstrated that experiences of discrimination contribute to racial disparities in sleep, and that psychological distress mediates these relationships. However, previous research has not included race as part of the mediation pathway and has had limited dimensions of sleep health and psychological mediators. In the current study, we examine serial mediation pathways by which race and sleep health are mediated through discrimination and subsequently through psychological distress (i.

The theory of planned behaviour and sleep opportunity: An ecological momentary assessment.

Many American adolescents and adults report that they are not meeting sleep duration recommendations. Although insufficient sleep duration can occur due to factors outside an individual's direct control, many individuals choose to restrict their own sleep. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) offers a framework to study this phenomenon.

Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Opportunity Attitudes, Perceived Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Intentions.

Background: Recent research has used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict sleep. However, this research has focused on between-person effects and has failed to capture the intraindividual variability of sleep-related attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions.

Purpose: The current study sought to characterize the between- and within-day patterns of these constructs.

Big 5 personality traits and intraindividual variability in sleep duration, continuity, and timing.

Objectives: The personality traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism have been consistently linked to mean-level, self-reported sleep duration and continuity. The present study expands this literature by using actigraphy sleep assessment to examine how personality is related to both mean-level and the intraindividual variability in sleep duration, continuity, and timing.

Design: One-week ecological sleep assessment.

The Process of Developing a Sleep Health Improvement Plan: a Lab-Based Model of Self-Help Behavior.

Background: Although self-help strategies to improve sleep are widely accessible, little is known about the ways in which individuals interact with these resources and the extent to which people are successful at improving their own sleep based on sleep health recommendations. The present study developed a lab-based model of self-help behavior by observing the development of sleep health improvement plans (SHIPs) and examining factors that may influence SHIP development.

Method: Sixty healthy, young adults were identified as poor sleepers during one week of actigraphy baseline and recruited to develop and implement a SHIP.

The effect of caffeine abstinence on sleep among habitual caffeine users with poor sleep.

Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world and is known to disrupt healthy sleep. However, very few studies have directly tested the effect of caffeine abstinence on sleep, and these have yielded inconsistent findings. The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in sleep following caffeine abstinence and examine the extent to which characteristics of habitual caffeine use moderated this change.

Application of health behaviour theory to sleep health improvement.

Although sleep hygiene is often used for broad sleep health promotion efforts, sleep hygiene education programmes are largely ineffective. These programmes are limited by their lack of a theoretical foundation. Health behaviour theory (HBT) has been used for decades to successfully predict and modify many health behaviours, but its use in the study of sleep health is rare.

Daily Associations Between Sleep and Physical Activity.

Background: Research has demonstrated a correlational relationship between sleep and physical activity, though this work has been largely cross sectional and fails to demonstrate temporal relationships. The purpose of this study was to test the daily, bidirectional relationships between sleep and physical activity, and whether this varied between weekdays and weekend days.

Method: Fifty-four healthy, young adults wore a Fitbit Flex to measure sleep and physical activity during a 6-day study period.

Sleep and eating disorders among adults enrolled in a commercial weight loss program: associations with self-report and objective sleep measures.

Purpose: Some research suggests that eating disorders are related to poor sleep health. To increase knowledge on the relation between sleep and eating disorders, we used a multi-method approach to examine associations between sleep, chronotype, and eating disorder psychopathology.

Methods: We investigated associations between ED psychopathology, both diagnostic categories (ascertained through self-report data) and dimensional measures, and self-report and ambulatory measures of sleep.

U.S. masters track participation reveals a stable sex difference in competitiveness.

It is well established that men are more likely than women to engage in direct competition, but it is unclear if this reflects social structural conditions or evolved predispositions. These hypotheses can be addressed by quantifying competitiveness in sports and testing if the sex difference is decreasing over time in the U.S.