Does ATP via purinergic receptor signalling fuel pulmonary fibrosis?

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are poorly understood disorders characterised by diffuse damage to the lung parenchyma, with inflammation and fibrosis. Some manifest a progressive fibrotic phenotype with high fatality and limited treatment options, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Summary: The degree to which inflammation plays a role in fibrosis progression is unknown.

Meta-analysis of [F]FDG-PET/CT in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is emerging as a tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary sarcoidosis, however, there is limited consensus regarding its diagnostic performance and prognostic value.

Method: A meta-analysis was conducted with PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases searched up to and including September 2023. 1355 studies were screened, with seventeen (n = 708 patients) suitable based on their assessment of the diagnostic performance or prognostic value of FDG-PET/CT.

A qualitative study to understand the barriers and facilitators in smoking cessation practices among oncology health care practitioners in one health system.

Introduction: Despite the benefits of quitting smoking for those who have cancer, including improved health outcomes and reduced therapeutic toxicities, it is unclear how many people are supported in quit attempts during this time. Variations in the availability and provision of smoking cessation (SC) services are reported, with little understanding of the challenges and solutions. This co-designed study aimed to understand the perspectives of health care professionals (HCPs) working in oncology settings to engage in SC practices and identify recommendations for developing an SC pathway.

Effects of Active Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure on Circulating Fibrocytes.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that active smoking impacts upon mediators and abundance of circulating fibrocyte cells in smoking-related disease characterised by fibrosis.

Methods: Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate blood from five patient groups: healthy never-smokers, healthy current smokers, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) active smokers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) never-smokers, and IPF active smokers.

Results: A significant inverse dose-response relationship was observed in healthy smokers among cumulative smoking burden (pack-years) and fibrocyte abundance (p = 0.

Genetics and Genomics of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Charting the Molecular Landscape and Shaping Precision Medicine.

Recent genetic and genomic advancements have elucidated the complex etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the contribution of heritable factors. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on significant genetic contributors to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including rare genetic variants and common SNPs. The promoter variant is unusual, a common SNP that markedly elevates the risk of early and established PF.

Analysis of tissue lipidomics and computed tomography pulmonary fat attenuation volume (CT ) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background And Objective: There is increasing interest in the role of lipids in processes that modulate lung fibrosis with evidence of lipid deposition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) histological specimens. The aim of this study was to identify measurable markers of pulmonary lipid that may have utility as IPF biomarkers.

Study Design And Methods: IPF and control lung biopsy specimens were analysed using a unbiased lipidomic approach.

Pulmonary renal syndrome: a clinical review.

The term "pulmonary renal syndrome" describes a clinical syndrome which is characterised by the presence of both diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. It encompasses a group of diseases with distinctive clinical and radiological manifestations, as well as different pathophysiological processes. The most common diseases implicated are anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-positive small vessel vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease.

Combined autologous blood patch-immediate patient rollover does not reduce the pneumothorax or chest drain rate following CT-guided lung biopsy compared to immediate patient rollover alone.

Puprose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a combined autologous blood-patch (ABP)-immediate patient rollover (IPR) technique compared with the IPR technique alone on the incidence of pneumothorax and chest drainage following CT-guided lung biopsy.

Methods: In this interventional cohort study of both prospectively and retrospectively acquired data, 652 patients underwent CT-guided lung biopsy. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics and technical biopsy variables including the combined ABP-IPR versus IPR alone were evaluated as predictors of pneumothorax and chest drain rates using regression analysis.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated with Common Genetic Variants and Limited Rare Variants.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, irreversible, and progressive disease of the lungs. Common genetic variants, in addition to nongenetic factors, have been consistently associated with IPF. Rare variants identified by candidate gene, family-based, and exome studies have also been reported to associate with IPF.

A Man With Malaise, Myalgia, and Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease.

A 45-year-old man sought treatment at the ED during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with a month-long history of fatigue, cough, myalgia, and hand stiffness. He did not report dyspnea. He had no past medical history and previously was fit and active, working as a farmer.

Exosomes from -Mutated Adenocarcinoma Induce a Hybrid EMT and MMP9-Dependant Tumor Invasion.

Exosomes, a class of extra cellular nano-sized vesicles (EVs), and their contents have gained attention as potential sources of information on tumor detection and regulatory drivers of tumor progression and metastasis. The effect of exosomes isolated from patients with an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ()-mutated adenocarcinoma on the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion were examined. Exosomes derived from serum of patients with -mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mediate the activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and induce an invasion through the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in A549 cells.

Contemporary Concise Review 2021: Interstitial lung disease.

The last 2 years have presented previously unforeseen challenges in pulmonary medicine. Despite the significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on patients, clinicians and communities, advances in the care and understanding of interstitial lung disease (ILD) continued unabated. Recent studies have led to improved guidelines, better understanding of the role for antifibrotics in fibrosing ILDs, prognostic indicators and novel biomarkers.

Nanoparticle Biomolecular Corona-Based Enrichment of Plasma Glycoproteins for N-Glycan Profiling and Application in Biomarker Discovery.

Biomolecular corona formation has emerged as a recurring and important phenomenon in nanomedicine that has been investigated for potential applications in disease diagnosis. In this study, we have combined the "personalized protein corona" with the N-glycosylation profiling that has recently gained considerable interest in human plasma biomarker discovery as a powerful early warning diagnostic and patient stratification tool. We envisioned that the protein corona formation could be exploited as an enrichment step that is critically important in both proteomic and proteoglycomic workflows.

Vaping-Associated Lung Injury: A Review.

Since commercial development in 2003, the usage of modern electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) continues to increase amongst people who have never smoked, ex-smokers who have switched to e-cigarettes, and dual-users of both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. With such an increase in use, knowledge of the irritative, toxic and potential carcinogenic effects on the lungs is increasing. This review article will discuss the background of e-cigarettes, vaping devices and explore their popularity.

The utility of gallium-68 DOTATOC PET/CT in lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

https://bit.ly/3l6BVZp.

Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

Exosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations.