A well-studied heterogeneous palladium(II) catalyst used for the cycloisomerization of acetylenic acids is known to be susceptible to deactivation through reduction. To gain a deeper understanding of this deactivation process and to enable the design of a reactivation strategy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used. With this technique, changes in the palladium oxidation state and coordination environment could be studied in close detail, which provided experimental evidence that the deactivation was primarily caused by triethylamine-promoted reduction of palladium(II) to metallic palladium nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA silver-triggered heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation has been developed. This heterogeneous process exhibits high efficiency and good recyclability, and was utilized for the one-pot construction of polycyclic compounds with multiple chiral centers. AgOTf was used to remove chloride ions in the heterogeneous catalyst Pd-AmP-CNC, thereby generating highly active Pd , which results in high efficiency of the heterogeneous catalytic system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein, we present a short and highly modular synthetic route that involves 8-aminoquinoline directed C-H arylation and transamidation chemistry, and which enables access to a wide range of elaborate benzofuran-2-carboxamides. For the directed C-H arylation reactions, Pd catalysis was used to install a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl substituents at the C3 position of the benzofuran scaffold in high efficiency. Directing group cleavage and further diversification of the C3-arylated benzofuran products were then achieved in a single synthetic operation through the utilization of a one-pot, two-step transamidation procedure, which proceeded via the intermediate -acyl-Boc-carbamates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein, we present an operationally simple protocol for the cycloisomerization of propargylic carbamates in which a heterogeneous catalyst consisting of Pd species immobilized on amino-functionalized siliceous mesocellular foam (Pd -AmP-MCF) is used. This Pd nanocatalyst displayed high efficiency at low catalyst loading and reaction temperatures, which allowed for the efficient and mild synthesis of a wide range of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one derivatives and related compounds. Moreover, it proved possible to re-use the Pd nanocatalyst for several reactions, although a gradual decrease in activity was observed in the subsequent cycles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe highly active ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst [Ru (mcbp)(OH )(py) ] [mcbp =2,6-bis(1-methyl-4-(carboxylate)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine; n=2, 1, and 0 for X=II, III, and IV, respectively], can be generated in a mixture of Ru and Ru states from either [Ru (mcbp)(py) ] or [Ru (Hmcbp)(py) ] precursors. The precursor complexes are isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, NMR, UV/Vis, EPR, and FTIR spectroscopy, ESI-HRMS, and elemental analysis, and their redox properties are studied in detail by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. Unlike the parent catalyst [Ru(tda) (py) ] (tda =[2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]-6,6''-dicarboxylate), for which full transformation into the catalytically active species [Ru (tda)(O)(py) ] could not be carried out, stoichiometric generation of the catalytically active Ru-aqua complex [Ru (mcbp)(OH )(py) ] from the Ru precursor was achieved under mild conditions (pH 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis work demonstrates how a series of complex, chiral cyclobutane derivatives can be accessed in four steps from the terpene verbenone through the application of a directed C-H functionalization approach. The developed synthetic route involved an 8-aminoquinoline-directed C(sp )-H arylation as the key step, and this reaction could be carried out with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl iodides to furnish a variety of cyclobutane products with three contiguous stereocenters. Moreover, it was shown that the 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary could be effectively removed from the cyclobutane derivatives using an ozonolysis-based cleavage method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTertiary alcohols are known to be challenging substrates for applications in asymmetric synthesis due to their complexity and steric hinderance. The occurrence of tertiary alcohols and their esters in nature indicates the presence of natural biocatalytic synthetic routes for their preparation. Lipase A from Candida antarctica (CalA) is a hydrolase that has previously been shown to catalyze the transesterification of racemic 2-phenylbut-3-yn-2-ol at a low rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein a two-step strategy for achieving overall transamidation of 8-aminoquinoline amides has been explored. In this protocol, the 8-aminoquinoline amides were first treated with BocO and DMAP to form the corresponding N-acyl-Boc-carbamates, which were found to be sufficiently reactive to undergo subsequent aminolysis with different amines in the absence of any additional reagents or catalysts. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, it was applied on a number of 8-aminoquinoline amides from the recent C-H functionalization literature, enabling access to a range of elaborate amide derivatives in good to high yields.
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